Chapter 1 Understanding of Earthquake phenomena in Ancient Times Chapter 2 Long History of Earthquake Records 1.Ancient and Systematic Earthquake Records 2.Scientific Values of the Earthquake Records Chapter 3 The First Seismograph in Human History 1.Zhang Heng and the Houfeng Seismoscope 2.The Seismoscope and Its Dissemination Chapter 4 Abundant Records and Knowledge of the Macroscopic Precursors of Earthquake in Ancient Times 1.Earth-Sound 2.Earth-Flash 3.Foreshocks 4.Anomaly of Groundwater 5.Anomalous Meteorologv 6.Anomalous Behaviors of Animals Chapter 5 Experience of Earthquake-Resistance and the Protection Against Seismic Hazards Obtained by the People in History 1.Earthquake Resistance Knowledge Embodied from Historic Architectures 2.Experience in the Protection Against Earthquake Hazards Obtained by the People in History Chapter 6 Case Histories of Strong Earthquakes 1.The 1556 Huaxian Earthquake of Shaanxi Province 2.The 1920 Haiyuan Earthquake of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 3.Secondary Disasters of Earthquakes Chapter 7 Earthquake Disasters Under Different Social Systems 1.Miserable Scenes after Occurrence of Natural Calamities in the Old Society 2.Panorama after Occurrence of Natural Calamities in New China Chapter 8 Development of Earthquake Science in New China 1.Sorting out Historical Earthquake Records.Compiling Seismic Maps and Setting up Seismograph Stations 2.Building up of Seismological Contingent and Promotion of Earthquake Studies 3.Premonitoring and Prediction of the Three Major Earthquakes Postscript Appendix A Brief Chinese Chronology