Preface PART Ⅰ Foundation DC Concepts 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The SI System of Units 1.3 Converting Units 1.4 Power of Ten Notation 1.5 Prefixes 1.6 Significant Digits and Numerical Accuracy 1.7 Circuit Diagrams 1.8 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 2 Voltage and Current 2.1 Atomic Theory Review 2.2 The Unit of Electrical Charge:The Coulomb 2.3 Voltage 2.4 Current 2.5 Practical DC Voltage and Current 2.7 Switches,Fuses,and Circuit Breakers Problems 3 Resistance 3.1 Resistance of Conductors 3.2 Electrical Wire Tables 3.3 Resistance of Wires—Circular Mils 3.4 Temperature Effects 3.5 Types of Resistors 3.6 Color Coding of Resistors 3.7 Measuring Resistance—The Ohmmeter 3.8 Thermistors 3.9 Photoconductive Cells 3.10 Nonlinear resistance 3.11 Conductance 3.12 Superconductors Problems 4 Ohm's Law,Power,and Energy 4.1 Ohm's Law 4.2 Voltage Polarity and Current Direction 4.3 Power 4.4 Power Direction Convention 4.5 Energy 4.6 Efficiency 4.7 Nonlinear and Dynamic Resistances 4.8 Conputer-Aided Circuit Analysis Problems PART Ⅱ Basic DC Analysis 5 Series Circuits 5.1 Series Circuits 5.2 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 5.3 Resistors in Series 5.4 Voltage Sources in Series 5.5 Interchanging Series Components 5.6 The Voltage Divider Rule 5.7 Circuit Ground 5.8 Voltage Subscripts 5.9 Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources 5.10 Voltmeter Design 5.11 Ohmmeter Design 5.12 Ammeter Loading Effects 5.13 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 6 Parallel Circuits 6.1 Parallel Circuits 6.2 Kirchhoff's Current Law 6.3 Resistors in Parallel 6.4 Voltage Sources in Parallel 6.5 Current Divider Rule 6.6 Analysis of Parallel Circuits 6.7 Ammeter Design 6.8 Voltmeter Loading Effects 6.9 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 7 Series-Parallel Circuits 7.1 The Series-Parallel Network 7.2 Analysis of Series-Parallel Circuits 7.3 Applications of Series-Parallel Circuits 7.4 Potentiometers 7.5 Loading Effects of Instruments 7.6 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 8 Methods of Analysis 8.1 Constant-Current Sources 8.2 Source Conversions 8.3 Current Sources in Parallel and Series 8.4 Branch-Current Analysis 8.5 Mesh(Loop)Analysis 8.6 Nodal Analysis 8.7 Delta-Wye(Pi-Tee)Conversion 8.8 Bridge Networks 8.9 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 9 Network Theorems 9.1 Superposition Theorem 9.2 Thevenin's Theorem 9.3 Norton's Theorem 9.4 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 9.5 Substitution Theorem 9.6 Millman's Theorem 9.7 Reciprocity Theorem 9.8 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems PART Ⅲ Capacitance and Inductance 10 Capacitors and Capacitance 10.1 Capacitance 10.2 Factors Affecting Capacitance 10.3 Electric Fields 10.4 Dielectrics 10.5 Nonideal Effects 10.6 Types of Capacitors 10.7 Capacitors in Parallel and Series 10.8 Capacitor Current and Voltage 10.9 Energy Stored by a Capacitor 10.10 Capacitor Failures and Troubleshooting Problems 11 Capacitor Charging,Discharging,and Simple Waveshaping Circuits 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Capacitor Charging Equations 11.3 Capacitor with an Initial Voltage 11.4 Capacitor Discharging Equations 11.5 More Complex Circuits 11.6 An RC Timing Application 11.7 Pulse Response of RC Circuits 11.8 Transient Analysis Using Computers Problems 12 Magnetism and Magnetic Circuits 12.1 The Nature of a Magnetic Field 12.2 Electromagnetism 12.3 Flux and Flux Density 12.4 Magnetic Circuits 12.5 Air Gaps,Fringing,and Laminated Cores 12.6 Series Elements and Parallel Elements 12.7 Magnetic Circuits with DC Excitantion 12.8 Magnetic Field Intensity and Magnetization Curves 12.9 Ampere's Circuital Law 12.10 Series Magnetic Circuits:Given Ф，Find NI 12.11 Series-Parallel Magnetic Circuits 12.12 Series Magnetic Circuits:Given NI,FindФ 12.13 Force Due to an Electromagnet 12.14 Properties of Magnetic Materials 12.15 Measuring Magnetic Fields Problems 13 Inductance and Inductors 13.1 Electromagnetic Induction 13.2 Induced Voltage and Induction 13.3 Self-Inductance 13.4 Computing Induced Voltage 13.5 Inductances in Series and Parallel 13.6 Practical Considerations 13.7 Inductance and Steady State DC 13.8 Energy Stored by an Inductance 13.9 Inductor Troubleshooting Hints Problems 14 Inductive Transients 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Current Buildup Transients 14.3 Interrupting Current in an Inductive Circuit 14.4 De-energizing Transients 14.5 More Complex Circuits 14.6 RL Transients Using Computers Problems PART Ⅳ Foundation AC Comcepts 15 AC Fundamentals 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Generating AC Voltages 15.3 Voltage and Current Conventions for AC 15.4 Frequency,Period,Amplitude,and Peak Value 15.5 Angular and Graphic Relationships for Sine Waves 15.6 Voltage and Currents as Functions of Time 15.7 Introduction to Phasors 15.8 AC Waveforms and Average Value 15.9 Effective Values 15.10 Rate of Change of a Sine Wave(Derivative) 15.11 AC Voltage and Current Measurement 15.12 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 16 R,L,and C Elements and the Impedance Concept 16.1 Complex Numbers Review 16.2 Complex Numbers in AC Analysis 16.3 R,L and C Cricuits with Sinusoidal Excitation 16.4 Resistance and Sinusoidal AC 16.5 Inductance and Sinusoidal AC 16.6 Capacitance and Sinusoidal AC 16.7 The Impedance Concept 16.8 Computer Analysis of AC Circuits Problems 17 Power in AC Circuits 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Power to a Resistive Load 17.3 Power to an Inductive Load 17.4 Power to a Capacitive Load 17.5 Power in More Complex Circuits 17.6 Apparent Power 17.7 The Relationship Between P,Q,and S 17.8 Power Factor 17.9 AC Power Measurements 17.10 Effective Resistance 17.11 Energy Relationships for AC 17.12 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems PART Ⅴ Impedance Networks 18 AC Series-Parallel Circuits 18.1 Ohm's Law for AC Circuits 18.2 AC Series Circuits 18.3 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law and the Voltage Divider Rule 18.4 AC Parallel Circuits 18.5 Dirchhoff's Current Law and the Current Divider Rule 18.6 Series-Parallel Circuits 18.7 Frequency Effects 18.8 Applications 18.9 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 19 Methods of AC Analysis 19.1 Dependent Sources 19.2 Source Conversion 19.3 Mesh(Loop)Analysis 19.4 Nodal Analysis 19.5 Delta-to-Wye and Wye-to-Delta Conversions 19.6 Bridge Networks 19.7 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 20 AC Network Theroems 20.1 Superposition Theorem—Independent Sources 20.2 Superposition Theorem—Dependent Sources 20.3 TGhevenin's Theorem—Independent Sources 20.4 Norton's Theorem—Independent Sources 20.5 Thevenin's and Norton's Theorems for Dependent Sources 20.6 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem 20.7 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 21 Resonance 21.1 Series Resonance 21.2 Quality Factor,Q 21.3 Impedance of a Series Resonant Circuit 21.4 Power,Bandwidth,and Selectivity of a Series Resonant Circuit 21.5 Series-to-Parallel RL and RC Conversion 21.6 Parallel Resonance 21.7 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 22 Filters and the Bode Plot 22.1 The Decibel 22.2 Multistage Systems 22.3 Simple RC and RL Transfer Functions 22.4 The Low-Pass Filter 22.5 The High-Pass Filter 22.6 The Band-Pass Filter 22.7 The Ban-Reject Filter 22.8 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 23 Three-Phase Systems 23.1 Three-Phase Voltage Generation 23.2 Basic Three-Phase Circuit Connections 23.3 Basic Three-Phase Relationships 23.4 Examples 23.5 Power in a Balanced Systems 23.6 Measuring Power in Three-Phase Circuits 23.7 Unbalanced Loads 23.8 Power System Loads 23.9 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 24 Transformers and Cupled Circuits 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Iron-Core Transformers:The Ideal Model 24.3 Reflected Impedance 24.4 Transformer Ratings 24.5 Transformer Applications 24.6 Practical Iron-Core Transformers 24.7 Transormer Tests 24.8 Voltage and Frequency Effects 24.9 Loosely Coupled Circuits 24.10 Magnetically Coupled Circuits with Sinusoidal Excitation 24.11 Coupled Impedance 24.12 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems 25 Nonsinusoidal Waveforms 25.1 Composite Waveforms 25.2 Fourier Series 25.3 Fourier Series of Common Waveforms 25.4 Frequency Spectrum 25.5 Circuit Response to a Nonsinusoidal Waveform 25.6 Circuit Analysis Using Computers Problems APPENDIX A OrCAD-PSpice A/D APPENDIX B Solution of Simultaneous Linear Equations APPENDIX C Maximum Power Transfer Theorem APPENDIX D Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Probems Glossary Index
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