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水土污染酶活性可视化表征理论与方法
  • 书号：9787030771131
    作者：蒲生彦,刘世宾
  • 外文书名：
  • 装帧：平脊精装
    开本：B5
  • 页数：416
    字数：545000
    语种：en
  • 出版社：科学出版社
    出版时间：2024-06-01
  • 所属分类：土壤
  • 定价： ￥298.00元
    售价： ￥235.42元
  • 图书介质:
    纸质书

  • 购买数量： 件  可供
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本书对土壤和地下水环境中多种酶的活性、功能和效应等进行介绍，以期为酶学在土壤和地下水协同修复方面的应用提供参考和依据；并结合多年在水土污染协同修复方面的研究概述修复过程对酶的功能和活性的影响，根据研究结果总结酶对环境变化（如污染、修复、气候变化、施肥）的响应，详细介绍可表征水土环境中酶活性时空分布特征的原位酶谱技术的基本原理、实验方法、研究与应用等，定量分析热点区域（即根际、碎屑）酶活性的时空变化过程及其主要控制因素，系统阐述原位酶谱法的基本原理、操作过程、应用与研究进展等。
本书对土壤和地下水环境中多种酶的活性、功能和效应等进行介绍，以期为酶学在土壤和地下水协同修复方面的应用提供参考和依据；并结合多年在水土污染协同修复方面的研究概述修复过程对酶的功能和活性的影响，根据研究结果总结酶对环境变化（如污染、修复、气候变化、施肥）的响应，详细介绍可表征水土环境中酶活性时空分布特征的原位酶谱技术的基本原理、实验方法、研究与应用等，定量分析热点区域（即根际、碎屑）酶活性的时空变化过程及其主要控制因素，系统阐述原位酶谱法的基本原理、操作过程、应用与研究进展等。
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目录

  • Contents
    About the editors i
    Preface iii
    Acknowledgements v
    Abbreviations vii
    CHAPTER 1 Enzymes and their functions in soil and
    groundwater 1
    1.1 Introduction 1
    1.2 Types and sources 3
    1.2.1 Types 3
    1.2.2 Sources 4
    1.3 Kinetics, functions and influencing factors 5
    1.3.1 Enzyme kinetics 5
    1.3.2 Functions of enzymes 7
    1.3.3 Influencing factors of enzyme activities 13
    1.4 Methods for visualizing enzyme activities: in situ
    zymography 21
    1.4.1 Introduction 21
    1.4.2 Materials and methods 24
    1.4.3 Procedures 27
    1.4.4 Combination with other visualization techniques 30
    1.5 Enzymes and their relations with environmental researches 35
    1.5.1 Effluent treatment and detoxification 36
    1.5.2 Bioindicators for pollution monitoring 40
    1.5.3 Biosensors 46
    1.6 Conclusion 51
    Main References 52
    CHAPTER 2 Global climate change and enzyme activities 62
    2.1 Global climate change and its mutual effects with the
    environment 62
    2.1.1 Overview of global climate change 62
    2.1.2 Impacts of global climate change 63
    2.1.3 Feedback of soil and groundwater environment to global
    climate change 70
    2.1.4 Summary and outlook 72
    2.2 Temperature sensitivity of enzyme activities 74
    2.2.1 Introduction 74
    2.2.2 Temperature sensitivity of soil enzymes 76
    2.2.3 Response of substrate affinity to temperature 79
    2.2.4 Catalytic efficiency of enzymes as affected by temperature 82
    2.2.5 Summary 84
    Main References 84
    CHAPTER 3 Response of enzyme activities to manure
    applications 90
    3.1 Impact of manure on soil biochemical properties: a global
    synthesis 90
    3.1.1 Introduction 90
    3.1.2 Nutrient composition of manure and its effects on soil properties 92
    3.1.3 Effects of manure application on enzyme activities 100
    3.1.4 Soil pH and its influence on the manuring effect 109
    3.1.5 Effects of soil, climate, management and manure-related factors
    on the soil biochemical properties 111
    3.1.6 Summary 114
    3.2 Spatiotemporal patterns of enzyme activities after manure
    application reflect mechanisms of niche differentiation
    between plants and microorganisms 115
    3.2.1 Introduction 115
    3.2.2 Temporal response of enzyme activities to manure application
    strategy 117
    3.2.3 Spatial response of enzyme activities to manure application
    strategies 124
    3.2.4 Response of plants to manure application strategies 126
    3.2.5 Summary 129
    Main References 130
    CHAPTER 4 Response of enzyme activities to metal/
    nanometal oxide 140
    4.1 Effects of nanometal oxides on enzyme activity 140
    4.1.1 Introduction 140
    4.1.2 Overview of nanometal oxides 141
    4.1.3 Effect of ENOPs on enzyme activity 142
    4.1.4 Major pathways to affect enzyme activities 142
    4.1.5 Main regulators of enzyme activity 148
    4.1.6 Summary and outlook 150
    4.2 Effect of exogenous lead contamination on microbial
    enzyme activity in purple soil 151
    4.2.1 Introduction 151
    4.2.2 Change in content of available lead 153
    4.2.3 Sensitivity of enzyme activity to lead contamination 155
    4.2.4 Dose-effect relationship between enzyme activity and lead
    concentration 157
    4.2.5 Summary 157
    4.3 Toxicity of nano-CuO particles to maize and microbial
    community largely depends on its bioavailable fractions 158
    4.3.1 Introduction 158
    4.3.2 Response of plants to nano-CuO and CuSO4 160
    4.3.3 Response of microbial community compositions to nano-CuO
    and CuSO4 164
    4.3.4 Responses of enzyme activities on the rhizoplane to nano-CuO
    and CuSO4 166
    4.3.5 Agricultural implications 172
    4.3.6 Summary 172
    4.4 Influences of nano-ZnO particles on plant and microbes
    grown in Pb-contaminated soil 172
    4.4.1 Impact of ZnO nanoparticles on soil lead bioavailability and
    microbial properties 172
    4.4.2 Effects of nano ZnO addition on metal morphology and plant
    growth in lead-contaminated soil 187
    4.4.3 Summary 196
    4.5 Effects of acid rain on heavy metal release and enzyme
    activity in contaminated soil 198
    4.5.1 Introduction 198
    4.5.2 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on Cr(VI) release
    characteristics and enzyme activity in contaminated soil 200
    4.5.3 Effect of dynamic simulated acid rain on the release
    characteristics and enzyme activity of Pb in contaminated soil 208
    4.5.4 Summary 216
    Main References 218
    CHAPTER 5 Effect of biomass-based materials on
    enzyme activities in heavy metal-
    contaminated environment 229
    5.1 Spatial-temporal distribution of enzyme activities in
    heavy metal-contaminated soil after application
    of organic fertilizers 229
    5.1.1 Introduction 229
    5.1.2 Impact of organic amendments on soil acidification 231
    5.1.3 Impact of organic amendments on plant characteristics 234
    5.1.4 Cr concentration and speciation in soil 236
    5.1.5 Impact of organic amendments on enzyme activities and
    their extent 240
    5.1.6 Summary 244
    5.2 Passivation and stabilization mechanism of calcium-based
    magnetic biochar on soil Cr(VI) and its bioavailability 245
    5.2.1 Introduction 245
    5.2.2 Characterization of calcium-based magnetic biochar materials 250
    5.2.3 Passivation and stabilization of Cr(VI)-contaminated
    soil with calcium-based magnetic biochar 254
    5.2.4 Effects of calcium-based magnetic biochar’s passivation
    and stabilization on soil microbial activity 268
    5.2.5 Effects of passivation and stabilization of calcium-based
    magnetic biochar on plant growth 282
    5.2.6 Summary 288
    5.3 Immobilization and stabilization of lead-polluted soil by
    green tea biochar supported with nZVI 290
    5.3.1 Introduction 290
    5.3.2 Preparation and characterization of green tea biochar-
    loaded nZVI 294
    5.3.3 Study on lead-contaminated soil solidified and stabilized by
    green tea biochar-loaded nZVI 302
    5.3.4 Effects of green tea biochar loaded nZVI on plants and
    soil microorganisms 309
    5.3.5 Summary 318
    5.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on
    microbial community and plant growth in copper-
    contaminated soil 320
    5.4.1 Introduction 320
    5.4.2 Preparation and characterization of biochar slow-release
    nitrogen fertilizer 323
    5.4.3 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on
    microbial communities in copper-contaminated soil 328
    5.4.4 Effects of biochar slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on plant
    growth and rhizosphere enzyme activity characteristics in
    copper- contaminated soil 343
    5.4.5 Summary 357
    Main References 359
    Chapter 6 Enzyme activities in the rhizosphere of soil
    and groundwater 373
    6.1 Nutrient availability and relationships with enzyme
    activities in the rhizosphere 373
    6.1.1 Introduction 373
    6.1.2 Soil biochemical and biological factors in the rhizosphere vs.
    in bulk soil 376
    6.1.3 Effects of climatic factors and original soil properties on
    available nutrients in the rhizosphere 380
    6.1.4 Acidity and alkalinity neutralization in the rhizosphere
    modulates nutrient availability 383
    6.1.5 Nutrient depletion and accumulation in the rhizosphere 386
    6.1.6 Nutrient availability within the rhizosphere is mediated by
    plant and root characteristics 387
    6.1.7 Microbial activities and community shift in the rhizosphere 389
    6.1.8 Summary 391
    6.2 Response mechanism of soil enzymes in plant rhizosphere
    to heavy metal pollution 392
    6.2.1 Introduction 392
    6.2.2 Enzyme activity in rhizosphere soil and its main influencing
    factors 393
    6.2.3 Research progress in response of soil enzymes in plant
    rhizosphere to heavy metal pollution 397
    6.2.4 Main influencing mechanism of heavy metals on enzyme
    activity in rhizosphere soil 400
    6.2.5 Summary 402
    Main References 403
    Final remarks 414
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