目录
- Preface
Acknowledgements
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 CATALYSIS
1.2 HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
1.3 HISTORICAL ON HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
1.4 CHARACTERISATION OF THE CATALYST
1.5 LIGAND EFFECTS
1.6 LIGANDS ACCORDING TO DONOR ATOMS
2. ELEMENTARY STEPS
2.1 CREATION OF A“VACANT”SITE AND CO-ORDINATION OF THE SUBSTRATE
2.2 INSERTION VERSUS MIGRATION
2.3 β-ELIMINATION AND DE-INSERTION
2.4 OXIDATIVE ADDITION
2.5 REDUCTIVE ELIMINATION
2.6 α-ELIMINATION REACTION
2.7 CYCLOADDITION REACTIONS INVOLVING A METAL
2.8 ACTIVATION OF A SUBSTRATE TOWARD NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK
2.9. δ-BOND METATHESIS
2.10 DIHYDROGEN ACTIVATION
2.11 ACTIVATION BY LEWIS ACIDS
2.12 CARBON-TO-PHOSPHORUS BOND BREAKING
2.13 CARBON-TO-SULFUR BOND BREAKING
2.14 RADICALREACTLONS
3. KINETICS
3.1 INTRODUCTION
3.2 TWO-STEP REACTION SCHEME
3.3 SIMPLIFICATIONS OF THE RATE EQUATION AND THE RATE-DETERMINING STEP
3.4 DETERMINING THE SELECTIVITY
3.5 COLLECTION OF RATE DATA
3.6 IRREGULARITIES IN CATALYSIS
4. HYDROGENATION
4.1 WILKINSON'S CATALYST
4.2 ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION
4.3 OVERVIEWOF CHIRAL BIDENTATE LIGANDS
4.4 MONODENTATE LIGANDS
4.5 NON-LINEAR EFFECTS
4.6 HYDROGEN TRANSFER
5. ISOMERISATION
5.1 HYDROGEN SHIFTS
5.2 ASYMMETRIC ISOMERISATION
5.3 OXYGEN SHIFTS
6. CARBONYLATION OF METHANOL AND METHYL ACETATE
6.1 ACETIC ACID
6.2 PROCESS SCHEME MONSANTO PROCESS
6.3 ACETIC ANHYDRIDE
6.4 OTHER SYSTEMS
7. COBALT CATALYSED HYDROFORMYLATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
7.2 THERMODYNAMICS
7.3 COBALT CATALYSED PROCESSES
7.4 COBALT CATALYSED PROCESSES FOR HIGHER ALKENES
7.5 KUHLMANN COBALT HYDROFORMYLATION PROCESS
7.6 PHOSPHINE MODIFIED COBALT CATALYSTS: THE SHELL PROCESS
7.7 COBALT CARBONYL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES
8 RHODIUM CATALYSED HYDROFORMYLATION
8.1 INTRODUCTION
8.2 TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE AS THE LIGAND
9. ALKENE OLIGOMERISATION
9.1 INTRODUCTION
9.2 SHELL-HIGHER-OLEFINS-PROCESS
9.3 ETHENE TRIMERISATION
9.4 OTHER ALKENE OLIGOMERISATION REACTIONS
10. PROPENE POLYMERISATION
10.1 INTRODUCTION To POLYMER CHEMISTRY
10.2 MECHANISTIC INVESTIGATIONS
10.3 ANALYSIS BY 13C NMR SPECTROSCOPY
10.4 THE DEVELOPMENT OF METALLOCENE CATALYSTS
10.5 AGOSTICINTERACTIONS
10.6 THE EFFECT OF DIHYDROGEN
10.7 FURTHER WORK USING PROPENE AND OTHER ALKENES
10.8 NON-METALLOCENEETM CATALYSTS
10.9 LATE TRANSITION METAL CATALYSTS
11. HYDROCYANATION OF ALKENES
11.1 THE ADIPONITRILE PROCESS
11.2 LIGAND EFFECTS
12. PALLADIUM CATALYSED CARBONYLATIONS OF ALKENES
12.1 INTRODUCTION
12.2 POLYKETONE
12.3 LIGAND EFFECTS ON CHAIN LENGTH
12.4 ETHENE/PROPENE/CO TERPOLYMERS
12.5 STEREOSELECTIVE STYRENE/CO COPOLYMERS
13. PALLADIUM CATALYSED CROSS-COUPLiNG REACTIONS
13.1 INTRODUCTION
13.2 ALLYLIC ALKYLATION
13.3 HECK REACTION
13.4 CROSS-COUPLING REACTION
13.5 HETEROATOM-CARBON BOND FORMATION
13.6 SUZUKI REACTION
14. EPOXIDATION
14.1 ETHENE AND PROPENE OXIDE
14.2 ASYMMETRIC EPOXIDATION
14.3 ASYMMETRIC HYDROXYLATIONOF ALKENES WITH OSMIUM TETROXIDE
14.4 JACOBSEN ASYMMETRIC RING-OPENING OF EPOXIDES
14.5 EPOXIDATIONS WITH DIOXYGEN
15. OXIDATION WITH DIOXYGEN
15.1 INTRODUCTION
15.2 THE WACKER REACTION
15.3 WACKER TYPE REACTIONS
15.4 TEREPHTHALIC ACID
15.5 PPO
16. ALKENE METATHESIS
16.1 INTRODUCTION
16.2 THE MECHANISM
16.3 REACTION OVERVIEW
16.4 WELL-CHARACTERISED TUNGSTEN AND MOLYBDENUM CATALYSTS
16.5 RUTHENIUM CATALYSTS
16.6 STEREOCHEMISTRY
16.7 CATALYST DECOMPOSITION
16.8 ALKYNES
16.9 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
17. ENANTIOSELECTIVE CYCLOPROPANATION
17.1 INTRODUCTION
17.2 COPPER CATALYSTS
17.3 RHODIUM CATALYSTS
18. HYDROSILYLATION
18.1 INTRODUCTION
18.2 PLATINUM CATALYSTS
18.3 ASYMMETRIC PALLADIUM CATALYSTS
18.4 RHODIUM CATALYSTS FOR ASYMMETRIC KETONE REDUCTION
19. C-H FUNCTIONALISATION
19.1 INTRODUCTION
19.2 ELECTRON-RICH METALS
19.3 HYDROGEN TRANSFER REACTIONS OF ALKANES
19.4 BORYLATION OF ALKANES
19.5 THE MURAI REACTION
19.6 CATALYTIC δ-BOND METATHESIS
19.7 ELECTROPHILIC CATALYSTS
SUBJECT INDEX
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