Chapter 1 Introduction: What Is Ecology? SECTION Ⅰ NATURAL HISTORY Chapter 2 Life on Land Chapter 3 Life in Water SECTION Ⅱ INDIVIDUALS Chapter 4 Temperature Relations Chapter 5 Water Relations Chapter 6 Energy and Nutrient Relations SECTION Ⅲ POPULATIONS Chapter 7 Population Distribution and Abundance Chapter 8 Population Dynamics Chapter 9 Population Growth SECTION Ⅳ INTERACTIONS Chapter 10 Competition Chapter 11 Exploitation: Predation, Herbivory, Parasitism, and Disease Chapter 12 Mutualism SECTION Ⅴ COMMUNITIES AND ECOSYSTEMS Chapter 13 Species Abundance and Diversity Chapter 14 Food Webs Chapter 15 Primary Production and Energy Flow Chapter 16 Nutrient Cycling and Retention Chapter 17 Succession and Stability SECTION Ⅵ LARGE-SCALE ECOLOGY Chapter 18 Landscape Ecology Chapter 19 Geographic Ecology Chapter 20 Global Ecology