目录 序 第一篇 经济地理学理论採索 第1章 西方经济地理学进展 3 1.1 地理学家的“多维转向”3 1.2 经济学家的“新经济地理学”6 1.3 西方经济地理学新进展的启示 8 参考文献 12 第2章 诺贝尔经济学奖中的区域经济思想 14 2.1 诺贝尔经济学获奖者的区域经济学观点 14 2.2 诺贝尔经济学获奖者的区域经济思想演变 18 2.3 诺贝尔经济学获奖者的区域经济学思想对现实的解释 18 2.4 结论及讨论 20 参考文献 22 第3章 克鲁格曼与经济地理学 24 3.1 克鲁格曼学术生涯简介 24 3.2 克鲁格曼对经济地理学的主要贡献 25 3.3 克鲁格曼创新研究对经济地理学的启迪 28 3.4 克鲁格曼获诺贝尔奖对经济地理学发展的影响 30 3.5 结语 32 参考文献 32 第4章 国际背景与中国特色的经济地理学 33 4.1 国际主流经济地理学近期发展特点 33 4.2 中国经济地理学的研究背景 36 4.3 中国经济地理学的研究特点 37 4.4 发展中国特色的经济地理学 39 参考文献 40 第5章 经济地理学与区域经济学的区分 41 5.1 研究现状评述 41 5.2 经济地理学与区域经济学差异分析的新视角 42 5.3 结论及讨论 45 参考文献 46 第6章 经济地理学的微观研究 47 6.1 公司地理研究 47 6.2 农户地理研究 50 6.3 经济地理学的小尺度研究 50 6.4 结论及讨论 51 参考文献 52 第7章 经济地理学发展的构思 54 7.1 研究背景与问题 54 7.2 经济发展阶段与经济地理学 55 7.3 地理背景与经济地理学 58 7.4 学科背景与经济地理学 60 7.5 中国独特的经济地理学 63 参考文献 66 第8章 《地理学报》中的经济地理学发展 68 8.1 经济地理学论文数量分析 69 8.2 经济地理学发展脉络 70 8.3 经济地理学研究范式的转变 72 8.4 满足国家需要的研究主题变化 75 8.5 经济地理学各学科研究的发展 76 8.6 结论及讨论 78 参考文献 79 第二篇 表户地理研究 第9章 还原论与农户地理研究 87 9.1 还原论与农户概念 87 9.2 农户与农区关系的证明 88 9.3 农户地理研究的基本框架 92 9.4 农户地理主要研究内容 93 9.5 结论与讨论 96 参考文献 97 第10章 欠发达农区发展中的农户行为 99 10.1 理论背景与研究问题 99 10.2 区域选择及数据分析 100 10.3 经济发展中的农户行为特征 102 10.4 农户行为对区域经济发展的影响 107 10.5 结论及讨论 108 参考文献 109 第11章 欠发达区农户兼业演变 110 11.1 研究问题 110 11.2 数据来源及处理 111 11.3 农户兼业化演变 112 11.4 兼业化对农户经济的贡献 113 11.5 进一步讨论 114 参考文献 116 第12章 农户收入的地理环境影响 117 12.1 研究问题 118 12.2 数据来源 119 12.3 农户收人的差异分析 121 12.4 变量选择与模型建立 123 12.5 模型分析结果 124 12.6 结论与政策建议 126 参考文献 127 第13章 农户自主发展能力 129 13.1 农户自主发展能力 130 13.2 空间增长与增长因素的贡献度 131 13.3 数据调查及数据处理 132 13.4 农户农业发展模型 133 13.5 农户非农发展模型 136 13.6 农户非农报酬率模型 138 13.7 结论及讨论 140 参考文献 141 第14章 农户务工区位选择 143 14.1 数据来源与研究区域选择 143 14.2 理论分析与研究假设 145 14.3 变量设计与说明 146 14.4 模型与讨论 147 14.5 结论与政策建议 151 参考文献 152 第三篇 公司地理研究 第15章 公司地理的理论问题 155 15.1 工业地理学的发展与公司地理 155 15.2 公司地理的主要特点 156 15.3 公司地理的主要研究内容 158 15.4 开展适应中国国情的公司地理研究 161 参考文献 163 第16章 工业区域变化的综合研究 164 16.1 研究方法讨论 164 16.2 澳大利亚制造业结构变化分析 165 16.3 制造业区域变化分析 168 16.4 结论与讨论 171 参考文献 172 第17章 跨国公司对区域经济发展的影响 174 17.1 跨国公司与区域发展研究的理论背景 174 17.2 跨国投资公司与区域发展的关系 178 17.3 结论与讨论 183 参考文献 183 第18章 跨国公司对区域经济差异的影响 187 18.1 分析框架和研究方法 187 18.2 外国直接投资与中国区域经济发展差异 189 18.3 跨国公司投资的企业分析 199 18.4 结论与讨论 203 参考文献 204 第19章 跨国公司投资的地方根植性 207 19.1 研究背景 207 19.2 案例区和跨国公司访谈 209 19.3 企业管理的本地化程度 210 19.4 产品生产的本地化程度 211 19.5 技术转让中本地参与程度 213 19.6 企业案例分析 214 19.7 结论与讨论 217 参考文献 218 第20章 跨国公司与投资地关系 220 20.1 研究背景 220 20.2 影响讨价还价关系因素 221 20.3 讨价还价度量 222 20.4 上海讨价还价力量的来源 223 20.5 跨国公司的上海直接投资增长 224 20.6 上海与跨国公司的讨价还价分析 227 20.7 结论与讨论 234 参考文献 236 第21章 大公司空间扩张区位变化 239 21.1 公司空间扩张规律 239 21.2 外国跨国公司在中国投资区位扩张规律 240 21.3 进一步讨论 243 参考文献 243 第22章 企业联系与跨国公司的区域影响 245 22.1 跨国公司的影响和企业联系 246 22.2 公司选择和访谈 246 22.3 上海大众 247 22.4 上海贝尔 253 22.5 结论与讨论 256 参考文献 257 第23章 大型劳动密集型企业快速扩张区位选择 260 23.1 研究问题 260 23.2 理论基础 261 23.3 富士康概况 263 23.4 空间扩张特征 264 23.5 空间扩张影响因素分析 266 23.6 结论与讨论 270 参考文献 270 第24章 香港大陆投资的区位变化 272 24.1 文献评述、研究方法与数据 272 24.2 香港在大陆投资空间变化的统计分析 273 24.3 香港在大陆投资区位变化的企业分析 275 24.4 香港公司对大陆投资的空间行为分析 276 24.5 香港公司对投资环境的感知分析 278 24.6 创造吸引港资环境建议 280 参考文献 281 第25章 外商直接投资对中国沿海地区经济的影响 282 25.1 外商直接投资与区域经济发展的理论简评 282 25.2 研究思路及数据 283 25.3 外商直接投资的区域分布及变化 284 25.4 外商投资与沿海地区经济增长的定量分析 286 25.5 外商直接投资影响的企业分析 287 25.6 结论与讨论 290 参考文献 291 第26章 大型国有企业空间网络变化 293 26.1 研究背景 293 26.2 国有企业空间网络 294 26.3 管理网络 296 26.4 供应商网络 297 26.5 销售网络 300 26.6 技术网络 302 26.7 结论与讨论 303 参考文献 304 第27章 中部中小企业集群竞争优势 307 27.1 中部农区企业集群的竞争优势来源 307 27.2 南庄村钢卷尺企业集群案例分析 309 27.3 结论与讨论 318 参考文献 318 第28章 产业联系与农村工业化 319 28.1 理论思路及企业选择 319 28.2 产业联系类型 320 28.3 产业联系与农村工业发展 322 28.4 典型案例分析 323 28.5 区域模式 324 28.6 结语 326 参考文献 326 第29章 金融地理学理论探索 327 29.1 金融地理学主要研究内容 327 29.2 金融地理学主要理论问题 331 29.3 中国金融地理研究 333 参考文献 335 第30章 发展中地区银行业空间系统变化 337 30.1 研究背景 337 30.2 研究区域与数据来源 339 30.3 银行业空间系统的变化 340 30.4 银行业空间系统变化的宏观影响因素 345 30.5 银行区位选择的微观因素 347 30.6 结论与讨论 349 参考文献 350 第四篇 经济地理学的小尺皮研究 第31章 经济地理学研究中的尺度 353 31.1 尺度的概念 353 31.2 尺度在经济地理学研究中的意义 354 31.3 经济地理学研究中的尺度变化 357 31.4 经济地理学中的微观研究 358 参考文献 359 第32章 20世纪90年代中国县域经济空间差异 361 32.1 理论背景及数据分析 361 32.21998 年中国县域经济空间格局 362 32.320 世纪90年代中国县域经济空间变化特点 365 32.4 中国县域经济增长类型简析 367 32.5 结论与讨论 369 参考文献 370 第33章 20世纪90年代河南经济空间结构变化及其效应 371 33.1 河南省经济空间结构演变过程 371 33.2 河南省经济空间集聚格局及其经济效应 372 33.3 结语 378 参考文献 378 第34章 农区经济发展差异的乡镇尺度分析 380 34.1 农民收人影响因素的一般性分析 380 34.2 数据来源及其处理 382 34.3 农区经济发展空间差异 382 34.4 指标分析与模型建立 384 34.5 模型分析结果 385 34.6 结论与讨论 388 参考文献 389 第35章 中部平原村农业生产区位 390 35.1 文献评述与理论分析 390 35.2 研究村庄选择与数据获取 392 35.3 农户农业区位的选择 393 35.4 影响农户农业区位选择的主要因素 398 35.5 结论与讨论 399 参考文献 400 第36章 欠发达区专业村空间分析 402 36.1 理论基础 402 36.2 专业村与环境关系的数理分析 404 36.3 数据讨论 406 36.4 专业村与环境关系的经验分析 409 36.5 专业村类型与环境关系模拟 411 36.6 结论与讨论 413 参考文献 415 第37章 山区农田系统投入产出分析 416 37.1 分析模型 416 37.2 研究区概况与数据处理 417 37.3 地形对农田投人产出的影响 420 37.4 结论与讨论 424 参考文献 425 第38章 中尺度流域土地利用/土地覆盖变化评估 426 38.1 研究思路与方法 426 38.2 研究区概况 428 38.3 数据来源与数据库开发 429 38.4 土地利用/土地覆盖变化：1996？1999年 430 38.5 结果讨论 432 38.6 结论与讨论 434 参考文献 435 第五篇 区城研究 第39章 社会不公平问题的地理研究 439 39.1 区域发展中的不公平 439 39.2 城市内部的不公平 440 39.3 农民与农区问题 441 39.4 特殊社会问题的地理研究 442 39.5 结语 443 参考文献 443 第40章 中部地区经济发展与社会福利分析 444 40.1 指标及数据来源 444 40.2 中部地区经济与福利水平空间差异 446 40.3 经济与福利水平之间关系分析 449 40.4 结论与讨论 451 参考文献 451 第41章 经济地理学研究中的区域关怀 453 41.1 区域经济研究的“重富”传统 454 41.2 区域关怀研究的内容 456 41.3 区域关怀研究中的思维转换 458 41.4 结语 459 参考文献 460 第42章 增长极理论分析及选择研究 461 42.1 增长极理论及实践 461 42.2 增长极选择的指标与方法 463 42.3 增长极选择案例 467 42.4 结论与讨论 469 参考文献 470 第43章 黄河沿岸人地关系与发展 471 43.1 黄河文明起源与扩散 471 43.2 历史经济发展与黄河 473 43.3 黄河沿岸现代发展 474 43.4 结论与讨论 476 参考文献 477 第44章 农区地理学研究进展与发展思路 479 44.1 农区地理学发展特点 479 44.2 农区范围界定 480 44.3 农区地理学的新近研究方向 481 44.4 中国农区地理学的研究思考 484 参考文献 486 第45章 新型城镇化概念分析 488 45.1 新型城镇化是对中国过去城镇化的反思 488 45.2 新型城镇化是对发达国家“城市问题”的规避 489 45.3 新型城镇化是对中国理想城镇化模式的新构思 490 第46章 新型城镇化中的协调思想 492 46.1 新型城镇化本质是城乡协调 493 46.2 新型城镇化核心是内部协调 493 46.3 新型城镇化机制强调市场协调 494 46.4 新型城镇化实施强调上下协调 495 46.5 结论与讨论 498 参考文献 499 第47章 新农村建设中新村镇规模探讨 501 47.1 建设新型村镇的意义 502 47.2 研究区概况 502 47.3 数据标准与方法 504 47.4 不同人口规模下新型村镇的指标对比 504 47.5 结论与讨论 507 参考文献 508 第48章 近百年农村聚落空间格局演变 510 48.1 文献评述 510 48.2 研究区及数据处理 511 48.3 聚落规模变化 513 48.4 聚落的空间格局演变与机制分析 518 48.5 结论与讨论 524 参考文献 525 Contents Prelude：On the road towards new approaches to economic geography：A Chinese perspective Part I Is there an economic geography with Chinese characteristics Chapter 1 Recent progress of economic geography in Western World 3 1.1 “Multi-dimensional turn” from perspective of economic geography 3 1.2 “New economic geography” from economics 6 1.3 How will economic geography in China go? 8 References 12 Chapter 2 Spatial perspective from Nobel Prize winners in economics 14 2.1 The views on regional economics of Nobel prize-winning economist 14 2.2 Evolution of spatial ideas from Nobel Prize economist 18 2.3 Explanation on realities from Nobel Prize economist’s theories 18 2.4 Conclusions and discussion 20 References 22 Chapter 3 Krugman and new economic geography 24 3.1 The academic career of Paul Krugman 24 3.2 Krugman’s main contribution to the economic geography 25 3.3 Krugman’s perspectives and research of economic geography 28 3.4 Impact of Krugman’s Nobel Prize on development of economicgeography 30 3.5 Conclusions 32 References 32 Chapter 4 International background and economic geography with Chinese characteristics 33 4.1 Recent developments of economic geography in the international mains team 33 4.2 Background of economic geography in China 36 4.3 Different features of China’s economic geography 37 4.4 Development of economic geography with Chinese characteristics 39 References 40 Chapter 5 Differences between economic geography and regional economics 41 5.1 Research problems and literature review 41 5.2 Comparison between economic geography and regional economics 42 5.3 Conclusions and discussion 45 References 46 Chapter 6 A micro-perspective in economic geography studies 47 6.1 Firm geography 47 6.2 Geography of rural households 50 6.3 Small-scale study in economic geography 50 6.4 conclusions and discussion 51 References 52 Chapter 7 Development framework of economic geography 54 7.1 Research background 54 7.2 The stages of economic development and economic geography 55 7.3 Geographical background and economic geography 58 7.4 Academic background and economic geography 60 7.5 Economic geography in China 63 References 66 Chapter 8 Development of economic geography from 80 years of Acta Geographica Sinica 68 8.1 Analysis of papers published on economic geography 69 8.2 Development course of economic geography 70 8.3 Paradigm shift in economic geography research 72 8.4 Topic changes and social needs 75 8.5 Main sub-disciplines of economic geography 76 8.6 Conclusions and discussion 78 References 79 Part II Geography of rural households Chapter 9 Reductionism and geography of rural households 87 9.1 Reductionism and rural households 87 9.2 Rural households and rural areas 88 9.3 Framework of geography of rural households 92 9.4 Contents of rural household geography 93 9.5 Conclusions and discussion 96 References 97 Chapter 10 Behavior of rural households in the underdeveloped rural area 99 10.1 Background and research problems 99 10.2 Regional selection and data analysis 100 1 0.3 Characteristics of rural household behavior 102 10.4 Impact of rural household behavior on regional economic development 107 10.5 Conclusions 108 References 109 Chapter 11 Change of employment structure in rural households 110 11.1 Research problem 110 11.2 Data sources and processing 111 11.3 Structural change of rural household employment 112 11.4 Contribution of non-agricultural employment to rural household income 113 11.5 Further discussion 114 References 116 Chapter 12 Impact of geographical environment on rural household income 117 12.1 Research problems 118 12.2 Data source 119 12.3 Differences in rural household incomes 121 12.4 Variables and model 123 12.5 Analysis of empirical results 124 12.6 Conclusions and policy suggestions 126 References 127 Chapter 13 Self-development capacity of rural households 129 13.1 Concept explanation 130 13.2 Spatial growth and growth factors 131 13.3 Data collection and processing 132 13.4 Agricultural development model based on rural households 133 13.5 Non-agricultural development model based on rural households 136 13.6 Non-agricultural return model based on rural households 138 13.7 Conclusions and discussion 140 References 141 Chapter 14 Location choice of migrant workers from rural areas 143 14.1 Study area and data collection 143 14.2 Theories and hypotheses 145 14.3 Variable selection 146 14.4 Model and empirical research 147 14.5 Conclusions and policy suggestions 151 References 152 Part III Geography of firms Chapter 15 Review of firm geography 155 15.1 Development of industrial geography and firm geography 155 15.2 Main characteristics of firm geography 156 15.3 Areas of firm geography 158 15.4 Firm geography in the Chinese situation 161 References 163 Chapter 16 A combination approach to regional industrial change study 1 64 16.1 Research methods 164 16.2 Structure change of Australian manufacturing industry 165 16.3 Regional change of Australian manufacturing industry 168 16.4 Conclusions and discussion 171 References 172 Chapter 17 Review on transnational corporations and regional economic development 174 17.1 Theoretical background 174 17.2 Relationship between transnational corporations and regional development 178 17.3 Conclusions and discussion 183 References 183 Chapter 18 Transnational corporations and their impact on regional imbalance 187 18.1 Analytical framework and research approach 187 18.2 Regional analysis of FDI and economic development in China 189 18.3 Cases of the invested TNCs in China 199 18.4 Conclusions and discussion 203 References 204 Chapter 19 Transnational corporations and local embeddedness 207 19.1 Research background 207 19.2 Shanghai and company interviews 209 19.3 Levelof management localization 210 19.4 Levelof production localization 211 19.5 Extent of local involvement in R & D 213 19.6 Evidence from company cases 214 19.7 Conclusions and discussion 217 References 218 Chapter 20 Bargaining with transnational corporations：the case of Shanghai 220 20.1 Research background 220 20.2 Determinations of the bargaining relationship 221 20.3 Measurements of bargaining outcome 222 20.4 Sources of Shanghai’s bargaining power 223 20.5 Rapid expansion of TNC，s direct investment in Shanghai 224 20.6 Bargaining analysis between Shanghai and TNCs 227 20.7 Conclusion and discussion 234 References 236 Chapter 21 Spatial expansion of transnational corporations 239 21.1 The laws of spatial expansion 239 21.2 Empirical investigation of TNC’s location change in China 240 21.3 Further discussion 243 References 243 Chapter 22 Interfirm linkage and regional impact of transnational corporations 245 22.1 TNCs and inter-firm linkages 246 22.2 Company selection and interviews 246 22.3 Shanghai Volkswagen 247 22.4 Shanghai Bell 253 22.5 Conclusions and discussion 256 References 257 Chapter 23 Location choice in the rapid expansion of large labor-intensive firm 260 23.1 Research background 260 23.2 Literature reviews and research framework 261 23.3 Foxconn Technology Group 263 23.4 Location change in the spatial expansion in China 264 23.5 Mechanism behind the spatial expansion 266 23.6 Conclusions and discussion 270 References 270 Chapter 24 Hong Kong investment in China’s mainland 272 24.1 Literature review，research methods and data 272 24.2 Statistical analysis on spatial change of Hong Kong investment in China’s mainland 273 24.3 Company studies on spatial change of Hong Kong investment in China’s mainland 275 24.4 Spatial behavior of Hong Kong invested companies 276 24.5 Perception of Hong Kong companies for investment environment 278 24.6 Conclusions and policy suggestions 280 References 281 Chapter 25 Economic impact of foreign direct investment on China’s coastal area 25.1 Literature review 282 25.2 Research approach and data 283 25.3 Regional distribution and transformation of FDI 284 25.4 Quantitative analysis of FDI on economic growth in coastal areas 286 25.5 Company case studies 287 25.6 Conclusions and discussion 290 References 291 Chapter 26 Spatial networks of large state-owned enterprises in reform-eraChina 293 26.1 Research background 293 26.2 Business networks and SOEs in China 294 26.3 Managerial networks 296 26.4 Suppliers’ networks 297 26.5 Sales networks 300 26.6 Technology networks 302 26.7 Conclusions and discussion 303 References 304 Chapter 27 Competitive advantages of SME cluster in central China 307 27.1 Sources of competitive advantages for SME clusters in rural areas 307 27.2 Steel tape cluster of Nanzhuang village 309 27.3 Conclusions and discussion 318 References 318 Chapter 28 Industrial linkages and rural industrialization 31 9 28.1 theoretical discussion and enterprises interview 319 28.2 Types of industry linkages 320 28.3 Industrial linkage and industrial development in rural areas 322 28.4 Case studies 323 28.5 Regional model 324 28.6 Conclusions 326 References 326 Chapter 29 Review on financial geography 327 29.1 Major research areas of financial geography 327 29.2 Major theoretical issues of financial geography 331 29.3 Development of Chinese financial geography 333 References 335 Chapter 30 Spatial change of the banking systems in Henan, China 337 30.1 Theoretical frameworks 337 30.2 Study area and data 339 30.3 Spatial change of banking systems in Henan 340 30.4 Quantitative analysis on the determination factors 345 30.5 Evidence from the interviews 347 30.6 Conclusions and discussion 349 References 350 Part IV Small-scale study of economic geography Chapter 31 Scale in the economic geography research 353 31.1 Discussion on scale 353 31.2 Significance of scale in the economic geography research 354 31.3 Evolution of scale in teconomic geography 357 31.4 A micro-approach to economic geography research 358 References 359 Chapter 32 County-level economic disparities of China on the 1990s 361 32.1 Research background and data 361 32.2 Spatial pattern of economic development by county in 1 998 362 32.3 Spatial change of county economy in the 1 990s 365 32.4 Types of county in economic development 367 32.5 Conclusions and discussion 369 References 370 Chapter 33 Change of spatial structure in economic development in Henan 371 33.1 Evolution process of spatial structure in economic development 371 33.2 Patterns of spatial agglomeration and its economic effect 372 33.3 Conclusions 378 References 378 Chapter 34 Geography and economic development in rural China：A township level study in Henan Province 380 34.1 General analysis on the factors of farmers’ income 380 34.2 Data collection and processing 382 34.3 Spatial analysis on economic development in rural area 382 34.4 Variables and models 384 34.5 Analysis of model results 385 34.6 Conclusions and discussion 388 References 389 Chapter 35 Location of agricultural production around village in central China 390 35.1 Literature review and research problems 390 35.2 Village selection and data surveys 392 35.3 Location choice of villager’s farming 393 35.4 Factors related to farming location 398 35.5 Conclusions and discussion 399 References 400 Chapter36 Spatial analysis of specialized village in the undeveloped area 402 36.1 Theoretical frameworks 402 36.2 Mathematical analysis on specialized villages and their environment 404 36.3 Data process 406 36.4 Empirical analysis on specialized villages and their environment 409 36.5 Simulation on specialized villages and their environment 411 36.6 Conclusion and discussion 413 References 415 Chapter37 Input-output analysis on farmland systems in the mountainous area 416 37.1 Analytical model 416 37.2 Study area and data collection 417 37.3 Input and output analysis by farmland plots 420 37.4 Conclusions and discussion 424 References 425 Chapter 38 Assessingregionalsustainability：the case of land use/land cover change in the middle Yiluo River catchment 426 38.1 Research methods 426 38.2 Study area：middle Yiluo basin 428 38.3 Data source and database 429 38.4 Land use/cover change from 1 996 to1999 430 38.5 Analysis of the change 432 38.6 Conclusions and discussion 434 References 435 Part V Regional studies Chapter 39 Geographical research on social inequality in China 439 39.1 Regional inequality 439 39.2 Urban inequality 440 39.3 Rural inequality 441 39.4 Geographical research on special social problems 442 39.5 Conclusions 443 References 443 Chapter 40 Economic Development and Social Welfare in central China 444 40.1 Indicators and data 444 40.2 Spatial differences in economic development and welfare 446 40.3 Relationship between economic levels and welfare 449 40.4 Conclusions and discussion 451 References 451 Chapter 41 Regional concern in the economic geography research 453 41.1 Tradition in favor of “the rich” in economic geography 454 41.2 Issues emerging from regional concern perspective 456 41.3 Ideological transform in the regional concern research 458 41.4 Conclusions 459 References 460 Chapter 42 Growth pole theory and application in regional development 461 42.1 Growth pole theory and practices 461 42.2 Methods of growth pole selection 463 42.3 Empirical case of growth pole selection 467 42.4 Conclusions and discussion 469 References 470 Chapter 43 Human-land relations and development in the areas upon Yellow River 471 43.1 Origin and spread of the Yellow River civilization 471 43.2 History of economic development and the Yellow River 473 43.3 New development strategies for the areas upon Yellow River 474 43.4 Conclusions and discussion 476 References 477 Chapter 44 Recent progress and development of rural geography 479 44.1 Development trends of rural geography 479 44.2 Definition change of rural areas 480 44.3 New directions of rural geography research 481 44.4 Thinking of Chinese rural geography 484 References 486 Chapter 45 New urbanization：what is the New? 488 45.1 Difference from China’s past urbanization 488 45.2 Avoid suffering the “urban problems” of developed countries 489 45.3 New proposal for the ideal model of urbanization in China 490 Chapter 46 Coordination ideas in new urbanization 492 46.1 Urban-rural integration 493 46.2 Coherence among different aspects of urbanization 493 46.3 Coordination between marketing mechanism and government promotion 494 46.4 Up-down and bottom-up combination 495 46.5 Conclusions and discussion 498 References 499 Chapter 47 Sizes of new villages and towns in planning new countryside 501 47.1 The value of constructing new villages and towns 502 47.2 Study area 502 47.3 Data process and methods 504 47.4 Scenarios of the new villages and towns with different sizes 504 47.5 Conclusions and discussion 507 References 508 Chapter 48 Changes inruralsettlementsbetween1927and 2015 510 48.1 Literature review 510 48.2 Data processing in the study area 511 48.3 Size change in rural settlements 513 48.4 Evolution of spatial patterns and its mechanism 518 48.5 Conclusions and discussion 524 References 525
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