目录 自序 前言 第一章概论1 第一节本书命题的由来1 1.1中国七大江河防洪系统之考察1 1.2中国七大江河治理中的基本问题9 1.3我的治河观10 第二节中国江河形成与演变的地质环境10 2.1新构造运动以前中国的古地理环境10 2.2新构造运动与中国阶梯式地势的形成13 第三节中国江河形成的古气候背景19 3.1季风的形成与演变19 3.2中国第四纪冰期与间冰期20 3.3第四纪海平面变化22 3.4第四纪气候背景24 第四节江河治理地学基础的概念与方法论26 4.1定义与内涵26 4.2河流地学属性的研究方法27 参考文献30 第二章长江中游治理的地学基础32 第一节长江的形成32 1.1长江三峡的贯通32 1.2川江的贯通35 1.3金沙江下段之贯通38 1.4金沙江上段之贯通42 1.5江源和江源区之贯通46 1.6长江全河之贯通49 第二节长江中游的地学环境50 2.1长江中游的地质环境50 2.2江汉-洞庭盆地的新构造运动54 第三节长江中游的古气候65 3.1长江中游地区更新世与全新世气候65 3.2古气候与长江中游河湖演变68 第四节江湖关系的演变70 4.1早更新世至中更新世中期的江湖关系70 4.2中更新世中期至末期的江湖关系71 4.3晚更新世时期的江湖关系73 4.4全新世时期的江湖关系74 第五节荆江河道的形成与地学特性77 5.1荆江地区新构造运动的特点77 5.2荆江河道的形成78 5.3荆江分流特性80 5.4荆江河道地学特性84 第六节基于地学基础的长江中游治理思考87 6.1中游蓄泄的地学环境与“蓄泄兼筹、以泄为主”88 6.2遵循江湖关系的演变规律89 6.3开辟荆江分流河道90 6.4关于蓄滞洪区与围垸的地学环境评价93 6.5关于中游河道治理96 参考文献101 第三章黄河下游治理的地学基础104 第一节黄河的形成104 1.1古湖盆与水系袭夺104 1.2黄河贯通105 第二节黄土高原的侵蚀特性108 2.1黄土高原的形成与黄土堆积109 2.2黄土高原侵蚀的地质记录118 2.3黄土高原全新世的侵蚀特征124 2.4黄土高原的堆积与侵蚀平衡129 第三节黄河下游的地质环境132 3.1黄河下游地区的构造地质背景133 3.2黄河下游地区的新构造运动135 第四节黄河下游地区的沉积特性140 4.1第四纪沉积与黄淮海平原建造140 4.2黄河冲积扇141 第五节黄河下游河道特征153 5.1下游河道的改道与迁徙特性154 5.2下游河道的游荡特性156 5.3下游河道的地上河特性158 5.4尾闾河道的变迁特性160 第六节黄河下游地区古气候与海侵169 6.1黄淮海平原古气候169 6.2海侵与海岸线的变迁173 第七节基于地学属性的下游治理启示175 7.1古近代黄河下游治理方略简述175 7.2现代黄河下游的情况与基本问题179 7.3基于侵蚀特性的黄土高原治理183 7.4基于堆积性河流属性的河道治理185 7.5宽窄相济，未雨绸缪186 参考文献189 第四章淮河治理的地学基础192 第一节淮河流域的形成192 1.1早更新世时期（2.50～0.73MaBP）192 1.2中更新世时期（约0.73M～0.14MaBP）193 1.3晚更新世时期（约0.14M～0.01MaBP）193 1.4全新世时期（0.01MaBP至现今）194 第二节淮河流域的地学属性194 2.1淮河流域的断裂构造及河流响应194 2.2淮河流域新构造升降及河流响应202 2.3淮河流域的沉积209 2.4淮河流域新构造运动的现代特征215 第三节淮河流域的古气候219 3.1古气候与古植被219 3.2淮河流域的海侵与海退及海岸线变迁222 3.3秦岭-淮河中国东部南北气候分界线225 第四节淮河水系地学特性（之一）228 4.1发源于豫西山地河流的地学特性228 4.2发源于黄河冲积扇南翼河流的地学特性229 4.3发源于桐柏山、大别山、江淮丘陵河流的地学特性231 4.4沂沭泗水系232 第五节淮河水系的地学特性（之二）235 5.1淮河干流的地学特性235 5.2淮河流域湖泊的地学背景243 第六节黄淮关系及其地学背景248 6.1地质历史时期的黄淮关系248 6.2人类历史时期的黄淮关系253 6.3黄淮关系对淮河水系的影响259 第七节基于地学属性的治淮启示260 7.1古代治淮方略述要260 7.2近现代治淮方略述要262 7.3关于治淮方略的思考264 参考文献266 第五章海河治理的地学基础270 第一节海河流域的地质构造背景270 1.1华北断块的形成与演变270 1.2太行山的形成与演变273 1.3燕山的形成与演变275 1.4渤海的形成与演变278 第二节海河流域对新构造运动的响应284 2.1山丘区对新构造运动的响应285 2.2平原区对新构造运动的响应288 2.3海河流域的断裂构造298 第三节海河流域古气候与古河道302 3.1海河流域的古气候302 3.2海河流域的古河道310 第四节海河流域河流的形成与地学特征318 4.1漳河的形成318 4.2滹沱河的形成321 4.3永定河的形成324 第五节海河水系的形成与演变328 5.1海河水系形成的地质地貌背景328 5.2黄（河）海（河）关系332 5.3人类活动对海河水系形成的贡献336 5.4海河干流338 5.5海河流域的湖泊与洼淀338 第六节基于地学基础的海河治理启示344 6.1历史时期海河治理述要344 6.2基于地学基础的海河流域山区河流治理346 6.3基于地学基础的海河流域平原河流治理349 6.4海河流域湖沼洼淀与古河道的利用352 6.5小结355 参考文献357 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Section 1 Origin of the book1 1.1 Survey on the flood control systems of the seven main rivers in China1 1.2 Fundamental issues of main rivers and lakes regulation in China9 1.3 My concept on river regulation 10 Section 2 Geological environment for the formation and evolution of rivers in China10 2.1 Paleogeographic environment before the Neotectonics movement in China 10 2.2 Neotectonics movement and formation of stepped topography in China13 Section 3 Paleoclimate for the formation of rivers in China 19 3.1 Monsoon and its evolution19 3.2 Quaternary glacial and interglacial stage in China20 3.3 Sea level changes in Quaternary 22 3.4 Climate in Quaternary 24 Section 4 Concept of the geo-basis of river regulation and methodology26 4.1 Definition and connotation26 4.2 Methodology27 References 30 Chapter 2 Geo-basis in the regulation of the middle reaches of Chang Jiang (Yangtze River)32 Section 1 Formation of Yangtze River32 1.1 Cut-through of Three Gorges32 1.2 Cut-through of ChuanJiang River35 1.3 Cut-through of the lower reaches of Jinsha River 38 1.4 Cut-through of the upper reaches of Jinsha River 42 1.5 Cut-through of the river source region46 1.6 Cut-through of entire Yangtze River 49 Section 2 Geological environment of the middle reaches of Yangtze River 50 2.1 Geological condition of the middle reaches of Yangtze River50 2.2 Neotectonics movement in Jianghan-Dongting Basin 54 Section 3 Paleoclimate in the middle reaches of Yangtze River65 3.1 The Pleistocene and Holocene climate 65 3.2 Paleoclimate change and evolution of rivers in the middle reaches of Yangtze River 68 Section 4 Evolution of the relationship between rivers and lakes in the middle reaches of Yangtze River70 4.1 Relationship between rivers and lakes from Early Pleistocene to Middle Pleistocene (interim stage)70 4.2 Relationship between rivers and lakes from Middle Pleistocene (interim stage) to Middle Pleistocene (late stage) 71 4.3 Relationship between rivers and lakes in late Pleistocene 73 4.4 Relationship between rivers and lakes in Holocene 74 Section 5 Formation of Jingjiang River and the geological properties 77 5.1 Characteristics of Neotectonics movement in Jingjiang River region 77 5.2 Formation of Jingjiang River78 5.3 Characteristics of Jingjiang River’s distributary80 5.4 Geological properties of Jingjiang River84 Section 6 Regulation of middle reaches of Yangtze River based on geological foundation87 6.1 Geological environment of flood storage and drainage in the middle reaches88 6.2 Follow the nature relationship between rivers and lakes89 6.3 Planning distributary channels of Jingjiang River 90 6.4 Geological environment evaluation on flood storage area and detention basines 93 6.5 The river regulation in middle reaches of Yangtze River 96 References 101 Chapter 3 Geo-basis in the regulation of the lower reaches of the Huang He (Yellow River)104 Section 1 Formation of Yellow River 104 1.1 Palaeo-lacustrine basin and river system capture104 1.2 Cut-through of Yellow River 105 Section 2 Erosion characteristics of Loess Plateau108 2.1 Formation of Loess Plateau and loess deposits109 2.2 Geological records of Loess Plateau erosion 109 2.3 Erosion characteristics of Loess Plateau in Holocene 118 2.4 Deposits and erosion balance of Loess Plateau124 Section 3 Geological environment of the lower reaches of Yellow River129 3.1 Tectonic geology in the lower reaches of Yellow River 132 3.2 Neotectonics movement in the region of lower reaches of Yellow River133 Section 4 Deposition characteristics in the lower reaches of Yellow River 135 4.1 Quaternary deposition and fomation of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain 140 4.2 Alluvial fan of Yellow River 140 Section 5 Characteristics of channels in the lower reaches of Yellow River153 5.1 Characteristics of diversion and migration 154 5.2 Characteristics of wandering 156 5.3 Characteristics of suspended rivers158 5.4 Migration of tail channels160 Section 6 Paleoclimate and transgression in the lower reaches of Yellow River169 6.1 Paleoclimate in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain169 6.2 Transgression and migration of coastline173 Section 7 Regulation of the lower reaches of yellow River based on geological properties 175 7.1 Introduction on the ancient and modern regulation175 7.2 Fundamental issues of the lower reaches of Yellow River 179 7.3 Loess Plateau regulation based on erosion characteristics 183 7.4 Channels regulation based on deposition-type river185 7.5 Prepare for the future of the lower reaches of Yellow River 186 References 189 Chapter 4 Geo-basis in the regulation of Huaihe River 192 Section 1 Formation of Huaihe River Basin192 1.1 Period of Early Pleistocene192 1.2 Period of Middle Pleistocene 193 1.3 Period of Late Pleistocene 193 1.4 Period of Holocene 194 Section 2 Geological properties of Huaihe River Basin194 2.1 Fault structures and river responses194 2.2 Neotectonic movement and river responses 202 2.3 Deposition of Huaihe River Basin209 2.4 Modern characteristics of Neotectonic movement in Huaihe River Basin 215 Section 3 Paleoclimate in Huaihe River Basin219 3.1 Paleoclimate and paleovegetation 219 3.2 Transgression and regression and coastline migration 222 3.3 Qinling mountain-Huaihe river climate demarcation line for north and south in eastern China225 Section 4 Geological characteristics of Huaihe River system (I) 228 4.1 Geological characteristics of rivers originating from mountains in western Henan Province228 4.2 Geological characteristics of rivers originating from southern Yellow River alluvial fan229 4.3 Geological characteristics of rivers originating from Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain and Jianghuai Hills 231 4.4 Yi-Shu-Si Rriver system232 Section 5 Geological characteristics of Huaihe River system (II)235 5.1 Geological characteristics of Huaihe River mainstream235 5.2 Geological background of lakes in Huaihe River Basin243 Section 6 Relationship between Yellow River and Huaihe River and its geological background 248 6.1 Relationship during geological history248 6.2 Relationship during human history253 6.3 Influence of Yellow-Huaihe relationship on Huaihe River system259 Section 7 Huaihe River regulation based on geo-basis260 7.1 Introduction on ancient regulation strategies 260 7.2 Introduction on modern regulation strategies262 7.3 Discussions on Huaihe River regulation in the future 264 References 266 Chapter 5 Geo-basis on regulation of the Haihe River270 Section 1 Geological properties of Haihe River Basin270 1.1 Formation of Fault Block in North China and its evolution270 1.2 Formation of Taihang Mountain and its evolution 273 1.3 Formation of Yanshan Mountain and its evolution 275 1.4 Formation of Bohai Sea and its evolution 278 Section 2 Responses of Haihe River Basin to Neotectonics movement284 2.1 Response of hilly regions to Neotectonics movement285 2.2 Response of plain regions to Neotectonics movement288 2.3 Fault structures in Haihe River Basin298 Section 3 Paleoclimate and Paleochannels in Haihe River Basin302 3.1 Paleoclimate in Haihe River Basin 302 3.2 Paleochannels in Haihe River Basin310 Section 4 Formation of tributaries in Haihe River Basin and its geological characteristics318 4.1 Formation of Zhanghe River and its geological characteristics318 4.2 Formation of Hutuohe River and its geological characteristics321 4.3 Formation of Yongding River and its geological characteristics 324 Section 5 Formation of Haihe River system and its evolution 328 5.1 Geological and geomorphological background328 5.2 Relationship between Yellow River and Haihe River332 5.3 Contribution of human activities to the formation of Haihe River system 336 5.4 Mainstream of Haihe River338 5.5 Lakes and depressions in Haihe River system338 Section 6 Haihe River regulation based on geo-basis344 6.1 Introduction on Haihe River regulation in human history344 6.2 Mountain rivers regulation based on geological properties346 6.3 Plain rivers regulation based on geological properties 349 6.4 Utilization of lakes, depressions and paleochannels in Haihe River Basin352 6.5 Summary 355 References357
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