目录
- Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Introduction to Remote Sensing 1
1.1 What is Remote Sensing ? 1
1.2 Description of Radiation 2
1.3 Remote Sensing Platforms and Sensors 6
1.4 History of Remote Sensing 7
Chapter 2 Electromagnetic Radiation 11
2.1 Solar Radiation 11
2.2 Thermal Radiation 12
2.3 Microwave Radiation and Scattering 15
2.4 Radiation Effects 17
2.4.1 Interactions with the Atmosphere 17
2.4.2 Interactions with the Earth’s surface 22
2.5 Spectral measurement 27
Chapter 3 Bidirectional Reflectance and Radiative Transfer 34
3.1 Bidirectional Reflectance 34
3.1.1 Definition 34
3.1.2 Reflectance Model 35
3.2 Radiative Transfer 40
3.2.1 Equation of Radiative Transfer 40
3.2.2 Model of Optical Radiative Transfer 41
3.2.3 Models of Microwave Radiative Transfer 45
Chapter 4 Remote Sensing Digital Image Processing 57
4.1 Introduction of Digital Image 57
4.2 Image Preprocessing 58
4.2.1 Atmospheric Correction 58
4.2.2 Geometric Correction 64
4.2.3 Radiometric Correction 68
4.3 Image Enhancement 70
4.3.1 Filter Operations 71
4.3.2 Linear Contrast Stretch 73
4.3.3 Histogram Equalization 74
4.4 Digital Image Classification 76
4.4.1 Unsupervised Classification 77
4.4.2 Supervised Classification 78
4.4.3 Classification Algorithms 81
Chapter 5 Quantitative Remote Sensing 91
5.1 Introduction 91
5.2 Retrieval of Land Surface Parameters 92
5.2.1 Land Surface Temperature 92
5.2.2 BRDF/Albedo 95
5.2.3 Vegetation Structure Parameters 97
5.3 Retrieval of Ocean Parameters 100
5.3.1 Sea Surface Salinity 101
5.3.2 Suspended Sediment Concentration 103
5.3.3 Concentration of Chlorophyll-a 104
5.4 Retrieval of Atmospheric Parameters 106
5.4.1 Physical Parameter 107
5.4.2 Chemical Components 108
Chapter 6 Application of Remote Sensing in Land Use and Land Cover 119
6.1 Introduction 119
6.2 Land Use and Land Cover Classification System 120
6.3 Vegetation Indices, Mapping and Cover Estimation 124
6.3.1 Vegetation Indices 125
6.3.2 Vegetation Mapping 126
6.3.3 Vegetation CoverEstimation 128
6.4 Snow Cover and Snow Depth 129
6.4.1 Snow Cover 131
6.4.2 Snow Depth 132
6.5 Soil Moisture and Soil Erosion 134
6.5.1 Soil Moisture 134
6.5.2 Soil Erosion 136
6.6 Change Detection 137
6.6.1 Change Detection Methods 138
6.6.2 Change Detection Applications 139
Chapter 7 Application of Remote Sensing in Geology 149
7.1 Introduction 149
7.2 Multispectral Remote Sensing in Geology 150
7.3 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing in Geology 156
7.3.1 Hyperspectral Image Processing 157
7.3.2 Hyperspectral Image Applications 158
7.4 InSAR Applications in Geological Hazard 161
7.4.1 InSAR Data Processing 162
7.4.2 InSAR Applications 162
Chapter 8 Application of Remote Sensing to Urban Settings 174
8.1 Introduction 174
8.2 Urban Growth 175
8.3 Urban Heat Island 177
8.4 Housing Value Estimation 180
Appendix 187
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