Contents Chapter 1 Population History of theGiant Panda / 1 1Giant panda genome / 9 2Population fluctuations of the giant panda / 10 3Population genetic structure of the giant panda / 13 4Population divergences of the giant panda / 17 5Uniqueness of Qinling giant panda / 20 Chapter 2 Adaptive Mechanisms ofDietary Specialization ofGiant Panda / 23 1Adaptations in morphological function / 32 2Adaptations in foraging strategies / 35 3Adaptations in digestive strategies / 40 4Adaptations in space use and activity rhythm / 43 5Adaptations in habitat utilization / 44 6Adaptations in physiology and metabolism / 46 7Adaptations in genetics / 48 Chapter 3 Reproductive Strategy and Dispersal Pattern of the Giant Panda / 53 1Communication behaviors of the giant panda / 58 2Reproductive patterns and sex hormone levels of the giant panda / 65 3Reproductive behavior and sexual selection of the giant panda / 66 4Parturition and cub rearing of the giant panda / 71 5Reproductive rate of the giant panda / 76 6Natal dispersal pattern of the giant panda / 78 Chapter 4 Population Ecology andPopulation Genetics of theGiant Panda / 81 1Age determination of the giant panda / 86 2Life table and population viability analysis (PVA) / 89 3Individual identification and population survey of the giant panda / 90 4Sex identification of the giant panda / 99 5Genetic diversity of the giant panda / 100 Chapter 5 Major Threats to Giant Pandas and Conservation Practices / 105 1Impact of large-scale bamboo flowering and hunting on giant pandas / 108 2Population collapse mechanism of isolated small panda populations / 110 3Rescue small populations of the giant panda: reintroduction and habitat corridors / 114 Epilogue Hope for the Giant Panda / 117 Reference / 125 Afterword Ⅰ / 133 Afterword Ⅱ / 134 Afterword Ⅲ / 135