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College Physics Experiments 大学物理实验
  • 书号：9787030687616
    作者：徐永祥
  • 外文书名：
  • 装帧：平装
    开本：B5
  • 页数：243
    字数：328000
    语种：en
  • 出版社：科学出版社
    出版时间：2021-09-01
  • 所属分类：
  • 定价： ￥69.00元
    售价： ￥54.51元
  • 图书介质:
    纸质书

  • 购买数量： 件  可供
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本书是专门为理工科相关专业的国际留学生编写的大学物理实验英文教材。全书以注重基础、训练能力、培养创新为宗旨，以基础—综合—提高为主线，以现有实验条件为依托，将教师的部分研究成果和部分现代实验技术融入教材，构成了涵盖力学、热学、电磁学、光学及近代物理等领域的内容体系，以层次化、递进式的编排思路，在误差理论和数据处理方法基础上，实验项目按基础与综合性实验、设计与创意性实验两大框架顺序展开。
　　全书共分三部分。第一部分是误差理论和数据处理方法；第二部分为基础性和综合性实验，共19个实验项目；第三部分为设计性和创意性实验，共12个实验项目。
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目录

  • Contents
    Part I Theory of Errors and Data Processing Methods
    1 Measurement and Error 3
    2 Estimation of Measurement Error and Expression of the Result 9
    3 Error Estimation for Direct Measurement 13
    4 Error Estimation for Indirect Measurement 16
    5 Significant Figures and Their Calculations 21
    6 Commonly Used Data Processing Methods 26
    7 Questions 37
    Part II Fundamental and Comprehensive Experiments
    Exp. 1 Forward Characteristics of pn Junction Diode 41
    1.1 Objective 41
    1.2 Apparatus 41
    1.3 Principle 42
    1.3.1 pn junction 42
    1.3.2 Forward characteristics of a pn junction 44
    1.3.3 Temperature characteristics of a pn junction 45
    1.3.4 Methods for deducing empirical function and calculating parameters of the temperature sensor 46
    1.4 Apparatus depiction 47
    1.5 Procedure 49
    1.6 Data processing 51
    1.6.1 Data processing based on the data in Tab. 1.1 51
    1.6.2 Data processing based on the data in Tab. 1.2 51
    1.7 Attentions 51
    1.8 Questions 52
    Exp. 2 Magnetoresistance Effect 53
    2.1 Objective 53
    2.2 Apparatus 54
    2.3 Principle 54
    2.4 Apparatus depiction 56
    2.5 Procedure 58
    2.6 Data processing 59
    2.7 Attentions 60
    2.8 Questions 61
    Exp. 3 Study of Forced Oscillations with Pohl Resonator 62
    3.1 Objective 62
    3.2 Apparatus 63
    3.3 Principle 63
    3.4 Apparatus depiction 65
    3.5 Procedure 67
    3.5.1 Free oscillations 67
    3.5.2 Damped oscillations 68
    3.5.3 Forced oscillations 69
    3.6 Data processing 69
    3.7 Attentions 71
    3.8 Questions 71
    Exp. 4 Thermal Conductivity Measurement of a Rubber Disk by Steady-State Method 72
    4.1 Objective 72
    4.2 Apparatus 72
    4.3 Principle 72
    4.3.1 Thermal conductivity 72
    4.3.2 Thermal conductivities of different substances 74
    4.3.3 Principle of thermocouples 75
    4.3.4 Principle of TC-3A thermal conductivity measurement instrument 76
    4.4 Procedure 78
    4.4.1 Preparation 78
    4.4.2 Record the thermal equilibrium temperatures and 78
    4.4.3 Measure the cooling temperature versus time for the lower brass disk 78
    4.5 Data processing 79
    4.6 Attentions 79
    4.7 Questions 80
    Exp. 5 Usage of an Oscilloscope 81
    5.1 Objective 81
    5.2 Apparatus 81
    5.3 Principle 82
    5.3.1 Main structure of an oscilloscope 82
    5.3.2 Operation principle of an oscilloscope 85
    5.3.3 Measurement of the amplitude and period (or frequency) of a periodic voltage 88
    5.3.4 Lissajous figures 88
    5.4 Procedure 89
    5.4.1 Observation of sinusoidal voltage signals 89
    5.4.2 Observe the waveform of signals from the rectifying and filtering circuit 90
    5.4.3 Observe Lissajous figures 91
    5.5 Attentions 92
    5.6 Questions 92
    Exp. 6 Measurement of Magnetic Field Based on Hall Effect 93
    6.1 Objective 93
    6.2 Apparatus 93
    6.3 Principle 93
    6.3.1 Hall effect and the measurement of magnetic induction intensity 93
    6.3.2 Elimination of side effects 95
    6.3.3 Theoretical basis of magnetic field generation by electrified solenoids and Helmholtz coils 96
    6.4 Apparatus depiction 97
    6.5 Procedure 99
    6.6 Data processing 100
    6.7 Questions 102
    Exp. 7 Determination of Moment of Inertia of Rigid Bodies 103
    7.1 Objective 103
    7.2 Apparatus 103
    7.3 Principle 104
    7.3.1 Apparatus depiction 104
    7.3.2 Principle for measuring the moment of inertia 105
    7.3.3 Parallel-axis theorem 108
    7.4 Procedure 108
    7.4.1 Preparation 108
    7.4.2 Measure the moment of inertia J0 of the empty rotational system 109
    7.4.3 Measure the moment of inertia of the rotational system with an aluminum ring 109
    7.4.4 Validation of the parallel-axis theorem 109
    7.5 Data processing 110
    7.5.1 Calculation of the moment of inertia of the aluminum ring 110
    7.5.2 Verification of the parallel-axis theorem 110
    7.6 Attentions 111
    7.7 Questions 111
    Exp. 8 Standing Wave on a String 112
    8.1 Objective 112
    8.2 Apparatus 112
    8.3 Principle 113
    8.3.1 Mathematical analysis of standing wave on a string 113
    8.3.2 Principle of the instrument for string vibration 116
    8.3.3 Application in musical instruments 117
    8.4 Procedure 118
    8.4.1 Preparation 118
    8.4.2 Measure the resonant frequencies with 2 antinodes between two wedges 118
    8.4.3 Measure the resonant frequencies with 3 antinodes between two wedges 119
    8.5 Data processing 119
    8.6 Attentions 120
    8.7 Questions 121
    Exp. 9 Diffraction Grating 122
    9.1 Objective 122
    9.2 Apparatus 123
    9.3 Principle 123
    9.3.1 Grating equation 123
    9.3.2 Two important parameters 124
    9.4 Procedure 125
    9.4.1 Adjustment of spectrometer 125
    9.4.2 Adjustment of the orientation of grating 125
    9.4.3 Measure the grating constant 125
    9.4.4 Measure the wavelength of blue spectral lines 126
    9.5 Data processing 126
    9.6 Attentions 127
    9.7 Questions 127
    Appendix: spectrometer alignment procedure 127
    Exp. 10 Holography 131
    10.1 Objective 131
    10.2 Apparatus 132
    10.3 Principle 132
    10.3.1 Holographic recording 132
    10.3.2 Reconstruction of holograph 133
    10.3.3 The requirements for the holographic system 134
    10.4 Procedure 135
    10.4.1 Take a diffusive reflection holograph 135
    10.4.2 Holographic reconstruction 136
    10.5 Attentions 136
    10.6 Questions 136
    Exp. 11 Michelson Interferometer 137
    11.1 Objective 137
    11.2 Apparatus 137
    11.3 Principle 137
    11.3.1 Main structure of Michelson interferometer 137
    11.3.2 Principle of the measurement of He-Ne laser wavelength 138
    11.3.3 Principle of the measurement of the wavelength difference of sodium D-lines 140
    11.4 Procedure 141
    11.4.1 Measurement of the wavelength of He-Ne laser 141
    11.4.2 Measurement of the difference of wavelengths between two sodium D-lines 142
    11.5 Data processing 142
    11.5.1 Measurement of the wavelength of He-Ne laser 142
    11.5.2 Measurement of the difference of wavelengths of the sodium D-lines 143
    11.6 Attentions 143
    11.7 Questions 143
    Exp. 12 Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom 144
    12.1 Objective 144
    12.2 Apparatus 145
    12.3 Principle 145
    12.3.1 Energy levels and spectral lines of the hydrogen atom 145
    12.3.2 Principle for determining the Rydberg constant 146
    12.4 Procedure 147
    12.5 Data processing 148
    12.6 Attentions 149
    12.7 Questions 149
    Exp. 13 AC Bridge Circuits 150
    13.1 Objective 150
    13.2 Apparatus 150
    13.3 Principle 150
    13.3.1 Balance condition for a Wheatstone bridge 150
    13.3.2 Capacitor bridge 152
    13.3.3 Inductor bridge 154
    13.3.4 Resistor bridge 156
    13.4 Apparatus depiction 156
    13.5 Procedure 158
    13.5.1 Measure the resistance of a resistor 158
    13.5.2 Measure the capacitance of a capacitor 159
    13.5.3 Measure the inductance of an inductor 159
    13.6 Data processing 160
    13.7 Attentions 161
    13.8 Questions 161
    Exp. 14 Measurement of the Speed of Ultrasound 162
    14.1 Objective 162
    14.2 Apparatus 162
    14.3 Principle 163
    14.3.1 Theoretical speed of sound in the air 163
    14.3.2 Piezoelectric ceramic transducer 164
    14.3.3 Measurement principle with the wave method 164
    14.3.4 Measurement principle with the travelling time difference method 165
    14.4 Apparatus depiction 166
    14.5 Procedure 167
    14.5.1 Measure the sound speed with the wave method 167
    14.5.2 Measure the sound speed with the travelling time difference method 167
    14.6 Data processing 168
    14.7 Attentions 169
    14.8 Questions 169
    Exp. 15 Photoelectric Effect 170
    15.1 Objective 170
    15.2 Apparatus 170
    15.3 Principle 170
    15.4 Apparatus depiction 174
    15.5 Procedure 175
    15.5.1 Preparation 175
    15.5.2 Measure the Planck constant h 175
    15.5.3 Measurement of the volt-ampere characteristics 175
    15.5.4 Verify the first law of photoelectric effect 176
    15.6 Data processing 176
    15.7 Attentions 177
    15.8 Questions 177
    Exp.16 Newton’s Rings 178
    16.1 Objective 178
    16.2 Apparatus 178
    16.3 Principle 178
    16.4 Procedure 180
    16.4.1 Find Newton’s rings in the field of microscope 180
    16.4.2 Measure the diameters of the interference rings 181
    16.5 Data processing 181
    16.6 Attentions 182
    16.7 Questions 182
    Appendix: about the travelling microscope and micrometers 182
    Exp. 17 Optical Rotation 184
    17.1 Objective 184
    17.2 Apparatus 184
    17.3 Principle 184
    17.3.1 Natural light and polarized light 184
    17.3.2 Optically active substance 185
    17.3.3 Optical rotation angle 185
    17.4 Apparatus depiction 185
    17.5 Procedure 188
    17.6 Data processing 189
    17.7 Attentions 189
    17.8 Questions 189
    Exp. 18 Millikan’s Oil Drop Experiment 190
    18.1 Objective 191
    18.2 Apparatus 191
    18.3 Principle 191
    18.3.1 Dynamic method 191
    18.3.2 Equilibrium method 194
    18.3.3 Measurement of elementary electrical charge 194
    18.4 Apparatus depiction 195
    18.5 Procedure 197
    18.5.1 Pre-adjustment of the apparatus 197
    18.5.2 Choose suitable oil drops and practice to control them 198
    18.5.3 Procedures for equilibrium method 200
    18.5.4 Procedures for dynamic method (optional) 201
    18.6 Data processing 202
    18.7 Attentions 202
    18.8 Questions 203
    Exp. 19 Franck-Hertz Experiment 204
    19.1 Objective 204
    19.2 Apparatus 205
    19.3 Principle 205
    19.3.1 Key points of Bohr’s theory and the excitation potential of an atom 205
    19.3.2 The basic principles of Franck-Hertz experiment 206
    19.4 Apparatus depiction 208
    19.5 Procedure 209
    19.5.1 Manual measurement 209
    19.5.2 Automatic measurement 209
    19.6 Data processing 211
    19.7 Attentions 211
    19.8 Questions 212
    Part Ⅲ Designing and Creative Experiments
    Exp. 20 Determination of the Relationship between Sound Speed and Temperature in Water 215
    20.1 Objective 215
    20.2 Apparatus 215
    20.3 Requirements 215
    20.4 Questions 215
    20.5 References 216
    Exp. 21 Determination of Resonant Frequency on a String with Standing Wave Method 217
    21.1 Objective 217
    21.2 Apparatus 217
    21.3 Requirements 217
    21.4 Hints 217
    21.5 Questions 218
    21.6 References 219
    Exp. 22 Measurement of the Rotational Inertia of a Rigid Body with Graphing Method 220
    22.1 Objective 220
    22.2 Apparatus 220
    22.3 Requirements 220
    22.4 Hints 221
    22.5 Questions 221
    22.6 References 221
    Exp. 23 Capacity Measurement by Using Oscilloscope 222
    23.1 Objective 222
    23.2 Apparatus 222
    23.3 Requirements 222
    23.4 Hints 222
    23.5 Questions 223
    23.6 References 224
    Exp. 24 Measurement of Winding Number of Electrified Coils 225
    24.1 Objective 225
    24.2 Apparatus 225
    24.3 Requirements 225
    24.4 Hints 225
    24.5 Questions 225
    24.6 References 226
    Exp. 25 Extensive Study of the Helmholtz Coils 227
    25.1 Objective 227
    25.2 Apparatus 227
    25.3 Hints 227
    25.4 Requirements 228
    25.5 Questions 228
    25.6 References 228
    Exp. 26 Diameter Measurement of a Filament by Using Wedge Interference 229
    26.1 Objective 229
    26.2 Apparatus 229
    26.3 Requirements 229
    26.4 Questions 229
    26.5 References 230
    Exp. 27 Determination of the Refractive Index of Prism Material Using Spectrometer 231
    27.1 Objective 231
    27.2 Apparatus 231
    27.3 Requirements 231
    27.4 Hints 231
    27.5 Questions 232
    27.6 References 232
    Exp. 28 Making of a Transmission Grating Using Holography 233
    28.1 Objective 233
    28.2 Apparatus 233
    28.3 Requirements 233
    28.4 Hints 233
    28.5 Questions 234
    28.6 References 234
    Exp. 29 Expansion of the Depth of Field in Holography 235
    29.1 Objective 235
    29.2 Apparatus 235
    29.3 Requirements 235
    29.4 Hints 236
    29.5 Questions 236
    29.6 References 236
    Exp. 30 Thin Films Preparation and Their Surface Topography Characterization with AFM 237
    30.1 Objective 237
    30.2 Apparatus 237
    30.3 Requirements 238
    30.4 Hints 238
    30.4.1 The principle of AFM 238
    30.4.2 The procedure for film preparation with sol-gel method 239
    30.5 Questions 240
    30.6 References 240
    Exp. 31 Measurement of Profile Errors of Optical Flat Surfaces with Phase Shift Interferometry 241
    31.1 Objective 241
    31.2 Apparatus 241
    31.3 Requirements 241
    31.4 Hints 242
    31.5 References 243
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