目录 导论 1 一、研究缘起 1 二、基本概念、已有研究与研究对象 3 三、《宣言》译本源流考证及研究对象勘定 25 第一章 1920年前《宣言》翻译传播及话语的多元解读 42 第一节 19世纪末《宣言》初入中国的语境、译文与理解 43 一、马克思主义理论基本术语在中国语境的原初表述 43 二、《宣言》译介的首篇译文 47 三、传教士与士大夫叙事中的“社会主义” 48 第二节 《宣言》段落译介及话语中国化探索(1900—1917) 50 一、资产阶级改良派对《宣言》的翻译与传播 50 二、资产阶级革命派对《宣言》的翻译与传播 62 三、无政府主义者对《宣言》的翻译与传播 75 第三节 《宣言》段落译介及话语中国化发展(1917—1919) 82 一、五四运动以来《宣言》的译介 82 二、三篇《宣言》译介文中马克思主义重要术语刊布 87 三、1920年前《宣言》汉译文中“阶级”话语的使用、语义变迁与理解 94 第二章 文本与革命话语(上)：新中国成立前《宣言》汉文全译本之文本考证 110 第一节 陈望道译本 110 一、文本生成 110 二、文本刊布与版本源流 114 三、底本考辨与话语转换 119 第二节 华岗译本 125 一、生成语境 125 二、译者与版本考证 128 三、版本传播与价值 131 第三节 成仿吾、徐冰译本 132 一、生成语境 132 二、译者与译本刊布 139 三、版本传播与价值 143 第四节 博古译本 146 一、生成语境 146 二、译者与版本演变 150 三、版本传播与价值 158 第五节 陈瘦石译本 164 一、译者与文本考证 165 二、文本发行及价值 168 第三章 文本与革命话语(下)：新中国成立前《宣言》中马克思主义革命话语变迁 173 第一节 革命的“种子”：《宣言》中的“公理” 174 一、《宣言》中“公理”的“前理解” 174 二、《宣言》中“公理”的话语嬗变 177 三、《宣言》中“公理”的话语力量 184 第二节 革命的“敌我”：《宣言》中的“阶级” 188 一、《宣言》中“阶级”话语的迁演 188 二、《宣言》中“阶级”的理解 195 三、话语力量：从阶级到阶级意识再到革命行动 200 第三节 革命的“方式”：《宣言》中的暴力革命 218 一、“暴力推翻政权”在近代历史中的起源与发展 218 二、《宣言》中“暴力革命”的话语变迁 222 三、《宣言》暴力革命话语的文本叙事与行动 226 第四章 新中国成立后《宣言》汉文全译本文本考证及话语嬗变 232 第一节 谢唯真译本 232 一、译本生成与传播语境 233 二、译者与版本源流 236 三、版本传播与价值 244 第二节 1978年成仿吾译本 247 一、译本生成语境 247 二、译本修订勘合 249 三、译本价值厘定 252 第三节 中央编译局译本系统 254 一、新中国成立以后马克思主义著作编译工作 254 二、中央编译局系统的四个译本考证 259 三、中央编译局系统译本的价值 265 第四节 新中国成立后《宣言》汉译本主题性话语变迁 266 一、“消灭”“消灭私有制”的话语表达与诠释转移 267 二、“革命”“暴力”“剥削”等语词变迁与诠释趋向 289 第五章 《宣言》话语中国化的历史经验及其当代启示 308 第一节 《宣言》汉译本文本分布、翻译与传播的总趋势 308 一、《宣言》汉译本形态刊布：从片译到段译再到全译 308 二、《宣言》汉译本质量提升：从直译到翻译与研究并重 312 三、《宣言》汉译本传播对象：从知识精英到普罗大众 318 第二节 《宣言》话语中国化的历史经验 325 一、话语竞争：马克思主义话语勃兴的语义场 325 二、现实需求：马克思主义话语意义生成之根基 330 三、本土话语：马克思主义话语中国化的落脚点 334 第三节 《宣言》话语中国化的当代启示 337 一、在竞争中积极引导，防止主流失语 337 二、主动回应实践需求，规避话语滞后 340 三、嵌入社会日常生活，避免话语漂浮 344 结语 文本、意义生产与马克思主义话语中国化 348 参考文献 351 索引 375 Contents Introduction 1 0.1 Origin of Research 1 0.2 Basic Concepts, Existing Research and Research Objects 3 0.3 Textual Research on the Origin and Development of the Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” and the Demarcation of Research Objects 25 Chapter 1 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” and Multiple Interpretations of Its Discourse Before 1920 42 1.1 The Context, Translation and Understanding of “The Communist Manifesto” Being First Introduced to China in the Late 19th Century 43 1.1.1 The Original Expression of the Basic Terms of Marxist Theory in the Chinese Context 43 1.1.2 The First Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” 47 1.1.3 “Socialism” in the Narrative of Missionaries and Scholar-bureaucrats 48 1.2 Translation and Introduction of Paragraphs in “The Communist Manifesto” and the Exploration of Its Sinicization of Discourse (1900-1917) 50 1.2.1 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Bourgeois Reformists 50 1.2.2 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Bourgeois Revolutionaries 62 1.2.3 Translation and Dissemination of “The Communist Manifesto” by the Anarchists 75 1.3 Translation and Introduction of Paragraphs in “The Communist Manifesto” and the Development of Its Sinicization of Discourse (1917-1919) 82 1.3.1 Translation and Introduction of “The Communist Manifesto” Since the May Fourth Movement 82 1.3.2 Important Terms of Marxism Published in Three Translations of “The Communist Manifesto” 87 1.3.3 The Quotes, Semantic Change and Understanding of “Class” Discourse in the Chinese Versions of “The Communist Manifesto” Before 1920 94 Chapter 2 Text and Revolutionary Discourse (I): Textual Research on the Chinese Complete Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” Before the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 110 2.1 The Translation by Chen Wangdao 110 2.1.1 Text Generation 110 2.1.2 Publication and Version Evolution 114 2.1.3 Textual Research on the Original Text and Its Discourse Conversion 119 2.2 The Translation by Hua Gang 125 2.2.1 The Generation Context 125 2.2.2 The Translator and Textual Research of Version 128 2.2.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 131 2.3 The Translation by Cheng Fangwu & Xu Bing 132 2.3.1 The Generation Context 132 2.3.2 The Translators and the Publication of their Translations 139 2.3.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 143 2.4 The Translation by Bo Gu 146 2.4.1 The Generation Context 146 2.4.2 The Translator and Version Evolution 150 2.4.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 158 2.5 The Translation by Chen Shoushi 164 2.5.1 The Translator and Textual Research 165 2.5.2 Context Dissemination and Its Values 168 Chapter 3 Text and Revolutionary Discourse (II): The Evolution of Marxist Revolutionary Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” Before the Founding of the People’s Republic of China 173 3.1 “Seeds” of Revolution: “Axioms” in “The Communist Manifesto” 174 3.1.1 “Pre-understanding” of the “Axioms” in “The Communist Manifesto” 174 3.1.2 The Discourse Evolution of the “Axioms” in “The Communist Manifesto” 177 3.1.3 The Discourse Power of the “Axioms” in “The Communist Manifesto” 184 3.2 “Enemy and Friend” of Revolution: “Class” in “The Communist Manifesto” 188 3.2.1 Evolution of “Class” Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” 188 3.2.2 Understanding of “Class” in “The Communist Manifesto” 195 3.2.3 Discourse Power: From Class to Class Consciousness to Revolutionary Action 200 3.3 “Ways” of Revolution: The Violent Revolution in “The Communist Manifesto” 218 3.3.1 Origin and Development of “ the Violent Overthrow of the Regime” in Modern History 218 3.3.2 Changes in the Discourse of “Violent Revolution” in “The Communist Manifesto” 222 3.3.3 Textual Narration and Action of the Violent Revolutionary Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” 226 Chapter 4 Textual Research and Discourse Evolution of the Chinese Complete Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” After the Founding of the People’s Repubic of China 232 4.1 The Translation by Xie Weizhen 232 4.1.1 The Context of the Translation’s Generation and Dissemination 233 4.1.2 The Translator and Version Evolution 236 4.1.3 Version Dissemination and Its Values 244 4.2 The Translation by Cheng Fangwu in 1978 247 4.2.1 The Context of the Translation’s Generation 247 4.2.2 Revision and Integration of the Translation 249 4.2.3 Value Justification of the Translation 252 4.3 The Translation System by the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau 254 4.3.1 Compilation of Marxist Works After the Founding of the People’s Repubic of China 254 4.3.2 Textual Research on Four Translations by the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau System 259 4.3.3 Values of the Translations by the Central Compilation and Translation Bureau System 265 4.4 Changes of Thematic Discourse of the Chinese Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” After the Founding of the People’s Repubic of China 266 4.4.1 Discourse Expression and Annotation Transfer of the “The EliminatingPrivate Ownership” and “Eliminating” 267 4.4.2 Phraseology Changes and Annotation Tendency of “Revolution” “Violence” and “ Exploitation” 289 Chapter 5 The Historical Experience and Contemporary Enlightenment of the Sinicization of Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” 308 5.1 General Trends in the Distribution, Translation and Dissemination of the Chinese Translation of “The Communist Manifesto” 308 5.1.1 The Pattern Distribution of the Chinese Translation of “The Communist Manifesto”: From Piece-translation to Paragraph Translation to Full Translation 308 5.1.2 The Quality Improvement of the Chinese Translation of “The Communist Manifesto”: From Literal Translation to Equal Emphasis on Translation and Research 312 5.1.3 The Target Readers of the Chinese Translation of “The Communist Manifesto”: From the Intellectual Elite to the General Public 318 5.2 The Historical Experience of the Sinicization of Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” 325 5.2.1 Discourse Competition: The Booming Semantic Field of Marxist Discourse 325 5.2.2 Realistic Expectation: The Foundation of the Meaning Generation of Marxist Discourse 330 5.2.3 Native Discourse: The Foothold of the Sinicization of Marxist Discourse 334 5.3 Contemporary Enlightenment of the Sinicization of Discourse in “The Communist Manifesto” 337 5.3.1 Active Guidance in the Competition to Prevent the Mainstream Aphasia 337 5.3.2 Active Respondence to Practical Needs to Avoid Discourse Cliché 340 5.3.3 Being Embedded in the Daily Life to Avoid Discourse Floating 344 Conclusion Text, Meaning Generation and the Sinicization of Marxist Discourse 348 References 351 Index 375
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