本书按照《全国高等学校计算机基础教育教学大纲》,由长期从事计 算机公共课教学、科研的有丰富实践经验的一线教师编写而成。全书采用 “理论与实践”相结合的模式,将课堂教学内容与实验教学内容有机地整 合在一起,通过“案例驱动”的方式,激发学生学习本门课的兴趣,加深 对理论知识的理解,提高学生利用计算机解决问题的能力。 本书共6 章,主要内容包括:计算机发展与信息科学、操作系统、文 字处理软件、电子表格处理软件、电子演示文稿制作软件、计算机网络与 互联网。其中,操作系统采用Windows 7,办公自动化应用软件采用Office 2010。每章后按照考试大纲的要求附有经典习题,供学生学习和自我提高。
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前言第 1章计算机发展与信息科学 ··········································································· 1 1.1 电子计算机的发展与展望 ········································································ 1 1.1.1计算机的发展历程 ·························································································· 1 1.1.2计算机的分类 ································································································ 2 1.1.3计算机的特点和应用 ······················································································· 4 1.1.4未来计算机的发展 ·························································································· 6 1.2 微型计算机系统 ···················································································· 7 1.2.1微型计算机系统的组成 ···················································································· 7 1.2.2微型计算机的硬件系统 ···················································································· 8 1.2.3微型计算机的软件系统 ·················································································· 18 1.2.4微型计算机基本工作原理 ··············································································· 22 1.2.5微型计算机的主要性能指标 ············································································ 24 1.3 信息在计算机中的表示 ·········································································· 25 1.3.1编码的概念 ································································································· 25 1.3.2进位计数制 ································································································· 25 1.3.3不同进制数之间的转换 ·················································································· 26 1.3.4非数值数据的编码 ························································································ 28 1.4 计算机安全 ························································································· 32 1.4.1计算机安全概述 ··························································································· 32 1.4.2计算机安全违法犯罪行为 ··············································································· 33 1.4.3防火墙 ······································································································· 35 1.5 计算机病毒 ························································································· 35 1.5.1病毒的产生及发展 ························································································ 36 1.5.2计算机病毒的特点 ························································································ 39 1.5.3计算机病毒的分类 ························································································ 40 1.5.4传染的途径 ································································································· 42 1.5.5计算机病毒的命名 ························································································ 43 1.5.6个人计算机的安全防护 ·················································································· 43 习题 ········································································································· 47 第 2章操作系统 ···························································································· 49 2.1 Windows 7概述 ···················································································· 49 2.1.1 Windows 7的优点 ························································································· 49 2.1.2 Windows 7家族成员介绍 ················································································ 50 2.2 Windows 7操作系统的安装····································································· 51 2.2.1 Windows 7硬件配置要求 ················································································ 51 2.2.2 Windows 7操作系统的安装 ··········································································· 52 2.3 Windows 7基本操作·············································································· 54 2.3.1 Windows 7的启动和关闭 ················································································ 54 2.3.2 Windows 7桌面显示 ······················································································ 56 2.3.3个性化设置 ································································································· 60 2.3.4方便的地址栏按钮 ························································································ 61 2.3.5改进的工具栏和菜单栏 ·················································································· 62 2.3.6库和收藏夹 ································································································· 63 2.4 文件和文件夹操作 ················································································ 65 2.4.1文件和文件夹的概念 ····················································································· 65 2.4.2“计算机”和“资源管理器” ········································································· 66 2.4.3管理文件和文件夹 ························································································ 68 2.4.4压缩文件 ···································································································· 74 2.5 控制面板 ···························································································· 75 2.5.1启动控制面板 ······························································································ 75 2.5.2添加和删除程序 ··························································································· 76 2.5.3在计算机中添加新硬件 ·················································································· 78 2.5.4用户管理与安全防护 ····················································································· 80 2.5.5 Windows 防火墙 ·························································································· 83 2.6 Windows 7多媒体················································································· 84 2.6.1 Windows Media Player 12 ················································································ 84 2.6.2 Windows DVD Maker ····················································································· 86 2.6.3 Windows Media Center···················································································· 86 2.7 磁盘设备的使用和管理 ·········································································· 87 2.7.1磁盘格式化 ································································································· 87 2.7.2磁盘属性 ···································································································· 87 2.7.3磁盘碎片整理工具 ························································································ 88 习题 ········································································································· 89 第 3章文字处理软件 ······················································································ 90 3.1 基本操作 ···························································································· 90 3.1.1全新用户界面 ······························································································ 90 3.1.2启动和退出 ································································································· 91 3.1.3创建文档、保存文档和打开文档 ······································································ 92 3.2 文字编辑和格式设置 ············································································· 95 3.2.1文字的选择 ································································································· 95 3.2.2字体设置 ···································································································· 96 3.2.3段落设置 ···································································································· 99 3.2.4样式应用 ··································································································· 103 3.2.5文字查找与替换 ·························································································· 106 3.3 图文混排 ·························································································· 108 3.3.1插入图形图片 ····························································································· 108 3.3.2插入艺术字 ································································································ 114 3.3.3插入文本框 ································································································ 114 3.3.4插入特殊符号 ····························································································· 116 3.4 Word表格应用 ···················································································· 118 3.4.1插入或新建表格 ·························································································· 118 3.4.2表格基本操作 ····························································································· 119 3.4.3表格中数据编辑 ·························································································· 122 3.5 页面布局及视图应用 ··········································································· 125 3.5.1文档主题及页面背景 ···················································································· 126 3.5.2页面设置 ··································································································· 127 3.5.3页眉页脚及分节 ·························································································· 130 3.5.4打印预览 ··································································································· 132 3.5.5视图应用 ··································································································· 132 3.6 邮件合并 ·························································································· 133 3.6.1邮件合并的工作原理 ···················································································· 134 3.6.2邮件合并的案例 ·························································································· 134 3.7 引用与审阅 ······················································································· 138 3.7.1插入文档自动目录 ······················································································· 138 3.7.2插入脚注 ··································································································· 140 3.7.3审阅文件 ··································································································· 141 3.8 格式转换与文档保护 ··········································································· 143 3.8.1文件格式及其兼容性 ···················································································· 144 3.8.2保护个人文档 ····························································································· 144 习题 ······································································································· 147 第 4章电子表格处理软件 ·············································································· 149 4.1 Excel 2010基础 ·················································································· 149 4.1.1 Excel 2010基本概念 ····················································································· 149 4.1.2 Excel 2010基本操作 ····················································································· 152 4.2 工作表数据录入 ················································································· 161 4.2.1文本输入 ··································································································· 161 4.2.2数字输入 ··································································································· 161 4.2.3利用选择列表输入 ······················································································· 163 4.2.4自动填充 ··································································································· 163 4.2.5公式和函数输入 ·························································································· 165 4.2.6获取外部数据 ····························································································· 170 4.3 工作表格式化 ···················································································· 170 4.3.1数字格式 ··································································································· 171 4.3.2对齐方式 ··································································································· 172 4.3.3字体格式 ··································································································· 173 4.3.4单元格边框 ································································································ 174 4.3.5填充底纹 /图案 ···························································································· 174 4.3.6条件格式的设置 ·························································································· 175 4.3.7数据有效性输入 ·························································································· 177 4.3.8工作表的保护和共享 ···················································································· 180 4.4 数据处理 ·························································································· 181 4.4.1学生成绩的统计与分析 ················································································· 181 4.4.2排序 ········································································································· 188 4.4.3数据筛选 ··································································································· 191 4.4.4分类汇总 ··································································································· 194 4.4.5数据透视表 ································································································ 196 4.4.6制作比赛计分系统 ······················································································· 198 4.5 图表处理 ·························································································· 202 4.5.1图表概述 ··································································································· 202 4.5.2创建图表 ··································································································· 203 4.5.3编辑图表 ··································································································· 205 4.6 打印工作表 ······················································································· 206 4.6.1边框设置 ··································································································· 206 4.6.2页面设置 ··································································································· 206 4.6.3打印表格 ··································································································· 207 习题 ······································································································· 208 第 5章电子演示文稿制作软件 ········································································ 210 5.1 PowerPoint 2010概述 ··········································································· 210 5.1.1 PowerPoint 2010的基本概念 ··········································································· 210 5.1.2 PowerPoint 2010的窗口和视图 ········································································ 211 5.1.3演示文稿的创建 ·························································································· 215 5.2 演示文稿的编辑与格式化 ····································································· 218 5.2.1幻灯片的基本操作 ······················································································· 218 5.2.2母版的设置 ································································································ 234 5.3 动画效果的设置 ················································································· 244 5.3.1动画的基本要义 ·························································································· 244 5.3.2动画制作的基本法则 ···················································································· 250 5.4 演示文稿的放映、打包与打印 ······························································· 254 5.4.1演示文稿放映概述 ······················································································· 254 5.4.2幻灯片的超链接 ·························································································· 254 5.4.3演示文稿的放映和打包 ················································································· 257 5.4.4演示文稿的打印 ·························································································· 262 5.5 制作演示文稿的高级技巧 ····································································· 264 5.5.1将多个主题应用于演示文稿 ··········································································· 264 5.5.2在幻灯片中插入 Flash文件 ············································································ 266 习题 ······································································································· 268 第 6章计算机网络与互联网 ··········································································· 270 6.1 计算机网络概述 ················································································· 270 6.1.1计算机网络的概念 ······················································································· 270 6.1.2计算机网络的功能与应用 ·············································································· 271 6.1.3计算机网络与互联网的发展历史 ····································································· 272 6.1.4计算机网络的标准化工作及相关组织 ······························································· 273 6.1.5计算机网络的体系结构 ················································································· 274 6.1.6计算机网络的分类 ······················································································· 276 6.1.7计算机网络的拓扑结构 ················································································· 277 6.1.8计算机网络新技术 ······················································································· 279 6.2 Internet的应用 ··················································································· 282 6.2.1 Internet的产生和发展 ··················································································· 282 6.2.2 Internet层次结构与 TCP/IP协议簇 ··································································· 283 6.2.3 IP地址与域名服务系统 ················································································· 285 6.2.4计算机与互联网的接入 ················································································· 288 6.2.5浏览 Internet ······························································································· 290 6.2.6使用 Internet信息检索 ·················································································· 294 6.2.7下载资源 ··································································································· 296 6.2.8即时通信与网络交流 ···················································································· 302 6.3 计算机网络安全 ················································································· 309 6.3.1中国互联网的安全现状 ················································································· 309 6.3.2计算机网络安全与防范 ················································································· 310 6.3.3加强网络安全的常用防护技术 ········································································ 313 6.3.4防火墙技术在网络安全中的应用 ····································································· 315 习题 ······································································································· 317 参考文献······································································································· 318