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生物技术与生物工程概论（影印版）Introduction to Biotechnology（2e）
  • 书号：9787030317599
    作者：（美）蒂曼（Thieman,W.J.）等
  • 外文书名：
  • 装帧：平装
    开本：A4
  • 页数：12404
    字数：690000
    语种：en
  • 出版社：科学出版社
    出版时间：2011-07-01
  • 所属分类：
  • 定价： ￥87.00元
    售价： ￥68.73元
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  • 购买数量： 件  可供
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生物技术（生物工程）领域近年来飞速发展，由此引起了全社会的广泛关注。本书基于技术工具、生产实践及成功案例，向读者系统介绍学科的基本知识。
　　本书第二版主要内容包括：生物技术的时代及其生产力，基因及基因组概述，基因工程：DNA重组技术，蛋白质工程，微生物工程，农业生物技术，动物生物技术，DNA指纹图谱和法医鉴定，生物修复，水生生物技术，医学生物技术，生物技术的监督与管理，生物技术（生物工程）与伦理学。
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目录

  • Contents
    About the Authors
    Preface
    1The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce 1
    1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You? 2
    A Brief History of Biotechnology 2
    Biotechnology: A Science of Many Disciplines 5
    Products of Modern Biotechnology 6
    Ethics and Biotechnology 8
    1.2 Types of Biotechnology 8
    Microbial Biotechnology 8
    Agricultural Biotechnology 8
    Animal Biotechnology 10
    Forensic Biotechnology 10
    Bioremediation 11
    Aquatic Biotechnology 12
    Medical Biotechnology 12
    Regulatory Biotechnology 13
    The Biotechnology “Big Picture” 13
    1.3 Biological Challenges of the 21st Century 14
    What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? 14
    A Scenario in the Future: How Might We Benefit from the Human Genome Project? 14
    1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce 18
    The Business of Biotechnology 19
    Organization of a Biotechnology Company 19
    Jobs in Biotechnology 20
    Salaries in Biotechnology 23
    Hiring Trends in the Biotechnology Industry 24
    Questions & Activities 25
    References and Further Reading 25
    2An Introduction to Genes and Genomes 26
    2.1 A Review of Cell Structure 27
    Prokaryotic Cells 27
    Eukaryotic Cells 28
    2.2 The Molecule of Life 30
    Evidence That DNA Is the Inherited Genetic Material 30
    DNA Structure 32
    What Is a Gene? 33
    2.3 Chromosome Structure, DNA Replication, and Genomes 33
    Chromosome Structure 34
    DNA Replication 37
    What Is a Genome? 38
    2.4 RNA and Protein Synthesis 39
    Copying the Code: Transcription 40
    Translating the Code: Protein Synthesis 43
    Basics of Gene Expression Control 46
    2.5 Mutations: Causes and Consequences 51
    Types of Mutations 51
    Mutations Can Be Inherited or Acquired 53
    Mutations Are the Basis of Variation in Genomes and a Cause of Human Genetic Diseases 54
    Questions & Activities 55
    References and Further Reading 56
    3Recombinant DNA Technology and Genomics 57
    3.1 Introduction to Recombinant DNA Technology and DNA Cloning 58
    Restriction Enzymes and Plasmid DNA Vectors 58
    Transformation of Bacterial Cells and Antibiotic Selection of Recombinant Bacteria 61
    Introduction to Human Gene Cloning 63
    3.2 What Makes a Good Vector? 65
    Practical Features of DNA Cloning Vectors 65
    Types of Vectors 66
    3.3 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest? 68
    Creating DNA Libraries: Building a Collection of Cloned Genes 68
    Polymerase Chain Reaction 71
    3.4 What Can You Do with a Cloned Gene? Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology 75
    Gel Electrophoresis and Mapping Gene Structure with Restriction Enzymes 75
    DNA Sequencing 78
    Chromosomal Location and Gene Copy Number 80
    Studying Gene Expression 81
    Northern Blot Analysis 82
    3.5 Genomics and Bioinformatics: Hot New Areas of Biotechnology 87
    Bioinformatics: Merging Molecular Biology with Computing Technology 87
    Examples of Bioinformatics in Action 87
    A Genome Cloning Effort of Epic Proportion: The Human Genome Project 89
    What Have We Learned from the Human Genome? 90
    The Human Genome Project Started an “Omics” Revolution 92
    Comparative Genomics 92
    Stone Age Genomics 93
    Questions & Activities 95
    References and Further Reading 95
    4Proteins as Products 97
    4.1 Introduction to Proteins as Biotech Products 98
    4.2 Proteins as Biotechnology Products 98
    Making a Biotech Drug 99
    Medical Applications 100
    Food Processing 100
    Textiles and Leather Goods 101
    Detergents 101
    Paper Manufacturing and Recycling 101
    Adhesives: Natural Glues 101
    Bioremediation: Treating Pollution with Proteins 102
    4.3 Protein Structures 102
    Structural Arrangement 102
    Protein Folding 103
    Glycosylation 104
    Protein Engineering 104
    4.4 Protein Production 106
    Protein Expression: The First Phase in Protein Processing 107
    4.5 Protein Purification Methods 109
    Preparing the Extract for Purification 109
    Stabilizing the Proteins in Solution 109
    Separating the Components in the Extract 110
    4.6 Verification 114
    4.7 Preserving Proteins 115
    4.8 Scale-up of Protein Purification 116
    4.9 Postpurification Analysis Methods 116
    Protein Sequencing 116
    X-ray Crystallography 116
    4.10 Proteomics 117
    Questions & Activities 118
    References and Further Reading 118
    5Microbial Biotechnology 119
    5.1 The Structure of Microbes 120
    Yeast Are Important Microbes Too 121
    5.2 Microorganisms as Tools 122
    Microbial Enzymes 123
    Bacterial Transformation 123
    Electroporation 124
    Cloning and Expression Techniques 125
    5.3 Using Microbes for a Variety of Everyday Applications 127
    Food Products 127
    Therapeutic Proteins 131
    Using Microbes Against Other Microbes 131
    Field Applications of Recombinant Microorganisms 134
    5.4 Vaccines 135
    A Primer on Antibodies 136
    How Are Vaccines Made? 137
    Bacterial and Viral Targets for Vaccines 139
    5.5 Microbial Genomes 141
    Why Sequence Microbial Genomes? 141
    Microbial Genome Sequencing Strategies 142
    Selected Genomes Sequenced to Date 142
    Sorcerer II: Traversing the Globe to Sequence Microbial Genomes 143
    Viral Genomics 144
    Assembling Genomes to Produce Human-Made Viruses 145
    5.6 Microbial Diagnostics 145
    Bacterial Detection Strategies 145
    Tracking Disease-Causing
    Microorganisms 147
    Microarrays for Tracking Contagious Diseases 147
    5.7 Combating Bioterrorism 148
    Microbes as Bioweapons 149
    Targets of Bioterrorism 150
    Using Biotechnology Against Bioweapons 151
    Questions & Activities 153
    References and Further Reading 154
    6Plant Biotechnology 155
    6.1 Agriculture: The Next Revolution 156
    6.2 Methods Used in Plant Transgenesis 157
    Conventional Selective Breeding and Hybridization 157
    Cloning: Growing Plants from Single Cells 157
    Protoplast Fusion 157
    Leaf Fragment Technique 158
    Gene Guns 158
    Chloroplast Engineering 159
    Antisense Technology 159
    6.3 Practical Applications in the Field 161
    Vaccines for Plants 161
    Genetic Pesticides: A Safer Alternative? 162
    Safe Storage 163
    Herbicide Resistance 163
    Stronger Fibers 163
    Enhanced Nutrition 164
    The Future: From Pharmaceuticals to Fuel 164
    Metabolic Engineering 166
    6.4 Health and Environmental Concerns 167
    Concerns About Human Health 168
    Concerns About the Environment 168
    Regulations 169
    Questions & Activities 170
    References and Further Reading 170
    7Animal Biotechnology 171
    7.1 Introduction to Animal Biotechnology 172
    7.2 Animals in Research 172
    Animal Models 172
    Alternatives to Animal Models 174
    Regulation of Animal Research 175
    Veterinary Medicine as Clinical Trials 176
    Bioengineering Mosquitoes to Prevent Malaria 177
    7.3 Clones 177
    Creating Dolly: A Breakthrough in Cloning 177
    The Limits to Cloning 178
    The Future of Cloning 179
    7.4 Transgenic Animals 180
    Transgenic Techniques 180
    Improving Agricultural Products with Transgenics 181
    Transgenic Animals as Bioreactors 183
    Knockouts: A Special Case of Transgenics 184
    7.5 Producing Human Antibodies in Animals 186
    Monoclonal Antibodies 186
    Eggs as Antibody Factories 188
    Questions & Activities 188
    References and Further Reading 189
    8DNA Fingerprinting and Forensic Analysis 190
    8.1 Introduction to DNA Fingerprinting and Forensics 191
    8.2 What Is a DNA Fingerprint? 191
    How Is DNA Typing Performed? 191
    8.3 Preparing a DNA Fingerprint 192
    Specimen Collection 192
    Extracting DNA for Analysis 193
    Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Analysis 193
    The Southern Blot Technique 193
    PCR and DNA Amplification 196
    Dot Blot (or Slot Blot) Analysis 196
    STR Analysis 196
    8.4 Putting DNA to Use 196
    The Narborough Village Murders 197
    The Forest Hills Rapist 197
    Terrorism and Natural Disasters Force Development of New Technologies 199
    8.5 DNA and the Rules of Evidence 200
    DNA Fingerprinting and the Simpson and Goldman Murders 201
    Human Error and Sources of Contamination 201
    DNA and Juries 202
    8.6 Familial Relationships and DNA Profiles 202
    Mitochondrial DNA Analysis 202
    Y-Chromosome Analysis 203
    8.7 Nonhuman DNA Analysis 204
    DNA Tagging to Fight Fraud 206
    Questions & Activities 206
    References and Further Reading 207
    9Bioremediation 208
    9.1 What Is Bioremediation? 209
    Why Is Bioremediation Important? 209
    9.2 Bioremediation Basics 210
    What Needs to Be Cleaned Up? 210
    Chemicals in the Environment 211
    Fundamentals of Cleanup Reactions 211
    The Players: Metabolizing Microbes 213
    Bioremediation Genomics Programs 215
    9.3 Cleanup Sites and Strategies 217
    Soil Cleanup 217
    Bioremediation of Water 218
    Turning Wastes into Energy 220
    9.4 Applying Genetically Engineered Strains to Clean Up the Environment 222
    Petroleum-Eating Bacteria 222
    Engineering E. coli to Clean Up Heavy Metals 223
    Biosensors 224
    Genetically Modified Plants and Phytoremediation 224
    9.5 Environmental Disasters: Case Studies in Bioremediation 225
    Jet Fuel and Hanahan, South Carolina 225
    The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill 225
    Oil Fields of Kuwait 226
    9.6 Future Strategies and Challenges for Bioremediation 227
    Recovering Valuable Metals 228
    Bioremediation of Radioactive Wastes 229
    Questions & Activities 230
    References and Further Reading 230
    10Aquatic Biotechnology 231
    10.1 Introduction to Aquatic Biotechnology 232
    10.2 Aquaculture: Increasing the World’s Food Supply Through Biotechnology 232
    The Economics of Aquaculture 232
    Fish Farming Practices 235
    Improving Strains for Aquaculture 238
    Enhancing Seafood Quality and Safety 239
    Barriers and Limitations to Aquaculture 239
    The Future of Aquaculture 242
    10.3 Molecular Genetics of Aquatic Organisms 242
    Discovery and Cloning of Novel Genes 242
    Genetic Manipulations of Finfish and Shellfish 247
    10.4 Medical Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 251
    Drugs and Medicines from the Sea 251
    Monitoring Health and Human Disease 254
    10.5 Nonmedical Products 254
    A Potpourri of Products 254
    Biomass and Bioprocessing 255
    10.6 Environmental Applications of Aquatic Biotechnology 256
    Antifouling Agents 256
    Biosensors 257
    Environmental Remediation 257
    Questions & Activities 259
    References and Further Reading 259
    11Medical Biotechnology 260
    11.1 The Power of Molecular Biology: Detecting and Diagnosing Human Disease Conditions 261
    Models of Human Disease 261
    Biomarkers for Disease Detection 263
    Detecting Genetic Diseases 263
    11.2 Medical Products and Applications of Biotechnology 268
    The Search for New Medicines and Drugs 269
    Artificial Blood 273
    Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies 273
    11.3 Gene Therapy 275
    How Is It Done? 275
    Curing Genetic Diseases: Targets for Gene Therapy 279
    Challenges Facing Gene Therapy 281
    11.4 The Potential of Regenerative Medicine 282
    Cell and Tissue Transplantation 282
    Tissue Engineering 285
    Stem Cell Technologies 287
    Cloning 293
    Embryonic Stem Cell and Therapeutic Cloning Regulations in the United States 297
    11.5 The Human Genome Project Has Revealed Disease Genes on All Human Chromosomes 298
    Piecing Together the Human Genome Puzzle 298
    Questions & Activities 303
    References and Further Reading 303
    12Biotechnology Regulations 305
    12.1 The Regulatory Framework 306
    12.2 U.S. Department of Agriculture 308
    Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service 308
    Permitting Process 308
    The APHIS Investigative Process 308
    The Notification Process 309
    12.3 The Environmental Protection Agency 309
    Experimental Use Permits 309
    The First Experimental Use Permit 309
    Deregulation and Commercialization 310
    12.4 Food and Drug Administration 311
    Food and Food Additives 311
    The Drug Approval Process 311
    Good Laboratory (GLP), Clinical (GCP), and Manufacturing (GMP) Practices 312
    Phase Testing of Drugs 312
    Faster Drug Approval versus Public Safety 313
    12.5 Legislation and Regulation: The Ongoing Role of Government 314
    Labeling Biotechnology Products 316
    The Fluvirin Failure 316
    12.6 Introduction to Patents 317
    The Value of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry 318
    Patenting DNA Sequences 319
    12.7 Biotechnology Products in the Global Marketplace 321
    Questions & Activities 322
    References and Further Reading 323
    13Ethics and Biotechnology 324
    13.1 What Is Ethics? 325
    Approaches to Ethical Decision Making 325
    Ethical Exercise Warm-Up 326
    13.2 Biotechnology and Nature 327
    Cells and Products 328
    GM Crops: Are You What You Eat? 328
    Animal Husbandry or Animal Tinkering? 331
    The Human Question 332
    What Does It Mean to Be Human? 333
    Spare Embryos for Research Versus Creating Embryos for Research 335
    Cloning 336
    Patient Rights and Biological Materials 337
    Regulations in Flux 338
    Your Genes, Your Self 338
    More or Less Human? 339
    13.3 Economics, the Role of Science, and Communication 340
    Questions & Activities 342
    References and Further Reading 343
    Appendix 1 Answers to Questions & Activities A-1
    Appendix 2 The 20 Amino Acids of Proteins A-9
    Credits C-1
    Glossary G-1
    Index I-1
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