CHAPTER 1 Introductory Topics 1-1 Introduction 1-2 The dB in Communications 1-3 Noise 1-4 Noise Designation and Calculation 1-5 Noise Measurement 1-6 Information and Bandwidth 1-7 LC Circuits 1-8 Oscillators 1-9 Troubleshooting 1-10 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 2 Amplitude Modulation: Transmission 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Amplitude Modulation Fundamentals 2-3 Percentage Modulation 2-4 AM Analysis 2-5 Circuits for AM Generation 2-6 AM Transmitter Systems 2-7 Transmitter Measurements 2-8 Troubleshooting 2-9 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 3 Amplitude Modulation: Reception 3-1 Receiver Characteristics 3-2 AM Detection 3-3 Superheterodyne Receivers 3-4 Superheterodyne Tuning 3-5 Superheterodyne Analysis 3-6 Automatic Gain Control 3-7 AM Receiver Systems 3-8 Troubleshooting 3-9 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 4 Single-Sideband Communications 4-1 Single-Sideband Characteristics 4-2 Sideband Generation: The Balanced Modulator 4-3 SSB Filters 4-4 SSB Transmitters 4-5 SSB Demodulation 4-6 SSB Receivers 4-7 Troubleshooting 4-8 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 5 Frequency Modulation: Transmission 5-1 Angle Modulation 5-2 A Simple FM Generator 5-3 FM Analysis 5-4 Noise Suppression 5-5 Direct FM Generation 5-6 Indirect FM Generation 5-7 Phase-Locked Loop FM Transmitter 5-8 Stereo FM 5-9 FM Transmissions 5-10 Troubleshooting 5-11 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 6 Frequency Modulation: Reception 6-1 Block Diagram 6-2 RF Amplifiers 6-3 Limiters 6-4 Discriminators 6-5 Phase-Locked Loop 6-6 Stereo Demodulation 6-7 FM Receivers 6-8 Troubleshooting 6-9 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 7 Communications Techniques 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Frequency Conversion 7-3 Special Techniques 7-4 Receiver Noise, Sensitivity, and Dynamic Range Relationships 7-5 Frequency Synthesis 7-6 Direct Signal Synthesis 7-7 FM Communications Transceivers 7-8 Spread-Spectrum Techniques 7-9 Troubleshooting 7-10 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 8 Digital Communications: Coding Techniques 8-1 Introduction 8-2 Alphanumeric Codes 8-3 Pulse-Code Modulation 8-4 Digital Signal Encoding Formats 8-5 Coding Principles 8-6 Code Error Detection and Correction 8-7 Troubleshooting 8-8 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 9 Digital Communications: Transmission 9-1 Introduction 9-2 Background Material for Digital Communications 9-3 Bandwidth Considerations 9-4 Digital Modulation Techniques 9-5 Delta and Pulse Modulation 9-6 Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA) 9-7 Data Transmission 9-8 Telemetry 9-9 Computer Communication 9-10 Troubleshooting 9-11 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 10 Net work Communications 10-1 Introduction 10-2 Basic Telephone Operation 10-3 Cellular Phone and PCS Systems 10-4 Local Area Networks 10-5 Assembling a LAN 10-6 LAN Interconnection 10-7 Internet 10-8 IP Telephony 10-9 Interfacing the Networks 10-10 Troubleshooting 10-11 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 11 Transmission Line 11-1 Introduction 11-2 Types of Transmission Lines 11-3 Electrical Characteristics of Transmission Lines 11-4 Propagation of DC VoLtage Down a Line 11-5 Nonresonant Line 11-6 Resonant Transmission Line 11-7 Standing Wave Ratio 11-8 The Smith Chart 11-9 Transmission Line Applications 11-10 Troubleshooting 11-11 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 12 Wave Propagation 12-1 Electrical to Electromagnetic Conversion 12-2 Electromagnetic Waves 12-3 Waves Not in Free Space 12-4 Ground- and Space-Wave Propagation 12-5 Sky-Wave Propagation 12-6 Satellite Communications 12-7 Troubleshooting 12-8 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBlEMS CHAPTER 13 Antennas 13-1 Basic Antenna Theory 13-2 Half-Wave Dipole (Hertz) Antenna 13-3 Radiation Resistance 13-4 Antenna Feed Lines 13-5 Vertical (Marconi) Antenna 13-6 Antenna Arrays 13-7 Special-Purpose Antennas 13-8 Troubleshooting 13-9 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 14 Waveguides and Radar 14-1 Comparison of Transmission Systems 14-2 Types of Waveguides 14-3 Physical Picture of Waveguide Propagation 14-4 Other Types of Waveguides 14-5 Other Waveguide Considerations 14-6 Termination and Attenuation 14-7 Directional Coupler 14-8 Coupling Waveguide Energy and Cavity Resonators 14-9 Radar 14-10 Microintegrated Circuit Waveguiding 14-11 Troubleshooting 14-12 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 15 Microwaves and Lasers 15-1 Microwave Antennas 15-2 Microwave Tubes 15-3 Solid-State Microwave Devices 15-4 Ferrites 15-5 Low-Noise Amplification 15-6 Lasers 15-7 Troubleshooting 15-8 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 16 Television 16-1 Introduction 16-2 Transmitter Principles 16-3 Transmitter/Receiver Synchronization 16-4 Resolution 16-5 The Television Signal 16-6 Television Receivers 16-7 The Front End and IF Amplifiers 16-8 The Video Section 16-9 Sync and Deflection 16-10 Principles of Color Television 16-11 Sound and Picture Improvements 16-12 Digital Television 16-13 Troubleshooting 16-14 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 Fiber Optics 17-1 Introduction 17-2 The Nature of Light 17-3 Optical Fibers 17-4 Fiber Attenuation and Dispersion 17-5 Optical Components 17-6 Fiber Connections and Splices 17-7 System Design and Operational Issues 17-8 Cabling and Construction 17-9 Optical Networking 17-10 Safety 17-11 Troubleshooting 17-12 Troubleshooting with Electronics Workbench Multisim SUMMARY Q UESTIONS AND PROBLEMS Appendix A Glossary Acronyms and Abbreviations Index