Preface 1 Introduction 1.1 Mathematical Representation of Signals 1.2 Mathematical Representation of Systems 1.3 Thinking About Systems 1.4 The Next Step 2 Sinusoids 2.1 An Experiment with a Tuning Fork 2.2 Review of Sine and Cosine Functions 2.3 Sinusoidal Signals 2.4 Sampling and Plotting Sinusoids 2.5 Complex Exponentials and Phasors 2.6 Phasor Addition 2.7 Physics of the Tuning Fork 2.8 Time Signals:More Than Formulas 2.9 Summary and Links Problems 3 Spectrum Representation 3.1 The Spectrum of a Sum of Sinusoids 3.2 Beat Notes 3.3 Periodic Waveforms 3.4 More Periodic Signals 3.5 Time-Frequency Spectrum 3.6 Frequency Modulation:Chirp Signals 3.7 Summary and Links Problems 4 Sampling and Aliasing 4.1 Sampling 4.2 Spectrum View of Sampling 4.3 Strobe Demonstration 4.4 Discrete-to-Continuous Conversion 4.5 The Sampling Theorem 4.6 Summary and Links Problems 5 FIR Filters 5.1 Discrete-Time Systems 5.2 The Running Average Filter 5.3 The General FIR Filter 5.4 Implementation of FIR Filters 5.5 Linear Time-Invariant(LTI)Systems 5.6 Convolution and LTI Systems 5.7 Cascaded LTI Systems 5.8 Example of FIR Filtering 5.9 Summary and Links Problems 6 Frequency Response of FIR Filters 6.1 Sinusoidal Response of FIR Systems 6.2 Superposition and the Frequency Response 6.3 Steady State and Transient Response 6.4 Properties of the Frequency Response 6.5 Graphical Representation of the Frequency Response 6.6 Cascaded LTI Systems 6.7 Running-Average Filtering 6.8 Filtering Sampled Continuous-Time Signals 6.9 Summary and Links Problems 7 z-Transforms 7.1 Definition of the z-Transform 7.2 The z-Transform and Linear Systems 7.3 Properties of the z-Transform 7.4 The z-Transform as an Operator 7.5 Convolution and the z-Transform 7.6 Relationship Between the z-Domain and the ω-Domain 7.7 Useful Filters 7.8 Practical Bandpass Filter Design 7.9 Properties of Linear Phase Filters 7.10 Summary and Links Problems 8 IIR Filters 8.1 The General IIR Difference Equation 8.2 Time-Domain Response 8.3 System Function of an IIR Filter 8.4 Poles and Zeros 8.5 Frequency Response of an IIR Filter 8.6 Three Domains 8.7 The Inverse z-Transform and Some Applications 8.8 Steady-State Response and Stability 8.9 Second-Order Filters 8.10 Frequency Response of Second-Order IIR Filter 8.11 Example of an IIR Lowpass Filter 8.12 Summary and Links Problems 9 Spectrum Analysis 9.1 Introduction and Review 9.2 Spectrum Analysis by Filtering 9.3 Spectrum Analysis of Periodic Signals 9.4 Spectrum Analysis of Sampled Periodic Signals 9.5 Spectrum Analysis of Nonperiodic Signals 9.6 The Spectrogram 9.7 Filtered Speech 9.8 The Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) 9.9 Summary and Links Problems Appendix A Complex Numbers A.1 Introduction A.2 Notation for Complex Numbers A.3 Euler's Formula A.4 Algebraic Rules for Complex Numbers A.5 Geometric Views of Complex Operations A.6 Powers and Roots A.7 Summary and Links Problems Appendix B Programming in MATLAB B.1 MATLAB Help B.2 Matrix Operations and Variables B.3 Plots and Graphics B.4 Programming Constructs B.5 MATLAB Scripts B.6 Writing a MATLAB Function B.7 Programming Tips Appendix C Laboratory Projects C.1 Laboratory:Introduction to MATLAB C.2 Laboratory:Introduction to Complex Exponentials C.3 Laboratory:Synthesis of Sinusoidal Signals C.4 Laboratory:AM and FM Sinusoidal Signals C.5 Laboratory:FIR Filtering of Sinusoidal Waveforms C.6 Laboratory:Filtering Sampled Waveforms C.7 Laboratory:Everyday Sinusoidal Signals C.8 Laboratory:Filtering and Edge Detection of Images C.9 Laboratory:Sampling and Zooming of Images C.10 Laboratory:The z-,n-,and ω-domains C.11 Laboratory:Extracting Components Appendix D About the CD Index
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