Chapter 1.Introduction1 Chapter 2.Habitat of Mangroves11 Chapter 3.Mangrove Species and Its Distribution34 Chapter 4.Structure of Mangrove Vegetative Organs54 Chapter 5.Forest Structure and Formation Distribution of Mangroves69 Chapter 6.The Algae、Plankton and Microorganism in Man-grove Areas96 Chapter 7.The Benthonic Animals in Mangrove Areas115 Chapter 8.The Insects and Territorial Vertebrates in Man-grove Areas45 Chapter 9.Biomass and Productivity of Mangroves184 Chapter 10.Mineral Circulation in Mangroves213 Chapter 11.Energy and Its Distribution of Mangroves232 Chapter 12.Plant Eco-physiology of Mangroves251 Chapter 13.Pollution Ecology of Mangroves297 Chapter 14.The Nature Reserves of Mangroves317 Chapter 15.Significance of Mangrove Exploitation329 Plates