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　　《植物生理学：物理化学与环境》（原著第四版）利用化学、物理和数学的基本原理来解释和发展植物生理的重要概念——展示所有发生在细胞、组织、器官、生物体甚至生态系统中的生理过程，是如何以最基本的方式来遵循这些原理的。讨论的主题包括叶片及整个植物体内的扩散、膜、水分关系、离子运输、光化学、能量转换的生物能学、光合作用、环境对植物温度的影响以及气体交换。第四版仍然保持了Nobel一贯的清晰表达，并在前几版的基础上加以完善，更方便读者使用。
　　这不仅是一本优秀的教科书，也是一部愈显珍贵的参考著作。本书第四版在保留系列著作（1970年以来7本）中广获好评的清晰敏锐风格的同时，使涵盖内容更广泛、阐述方式更精悍、图释注解更丰富。

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• Preface
  Symbols and Abbreviations
  1. Cells and Diffusion
  1.1. Cell Structure
  1.1A. Generalized Plant Cell
  1.1B. Leaf Anatomy
  1.1C. Vascular Tissue
  1.1D. Root Anatomy
  1.2. Diffusion
  1.2A. Fick's First Law
  1.2B. Continuity Equation and Fick's Second Law
  1.2C. Time-Distance Relation for Diffusion
  1.2D. Diffusion in Air
  1.3. Membrane Structure
  1.3A. Membrane Models
  1.3B. Organelle Membranes
  1.4. Membrane Permeability
  1.4A. Concentration Difference Across a Membrane
  1.4B. Permeability Coeffi cient
  1.4C. Diffusion and Cellular Concentration
  1.5. Cell Walls
  1.5A. Chemistry and Morphology
  1.5B. Diffusion Across Cell Walls
  1.5C. Stress-Strain Relations of Cell Walls
  1.5D. Elastic Modulus,Viscoelasticity
  1.6. Problems
  1.7. References and Further Reading
  2. Water
  2.1. Physical Properties
  2.1A. Hydrogen Bonding-Thermal Relations
  2.1B. Surface Tension
  2.1C. Capillary Rise
  2.1D. Capillary Rise in the Xylem
  2.1E. Tensile Strength, Viscosity
  2.1F. Electrical Properties
  2.2. Chemical Potential
  2.2A. Free Energy and Chemical Potential
  2.2B. Analysis of Chemical Potential
  2.2C. Standard State
  2.2D. Hydrostatic Pressure
  2.2E. Water Activity and Osmotic Pressure
  2.2F. Van't Hoff Relation
  2.2G. Matric Pressure
  2.2H. Water Potential
  2.3. Central Vacuole and Chloroplasts
  2.3A. Water Relations of the Central Vacuole
  2.3B. Boyle-Van't Hoff Relation
  2.3C. Osmotic Responses of Chloroplasts
  2.4. Water Potential and Plant Cells
  2.4A. Incipient Plasmolysis
  2.4B. Höfler Diagram and Pressure…Volume Curve
  2.4C. Chemical Potential and Water Potential of Water Vapor
  2.4D. Plant-Air Interface
  2.4E. Pressure in the Cell Wall Water
  2.4F. Water Flux
  2.4G. Cell Growth
  2.4H. Kinetics of Volume Changes
  2.5. Problems
  2.6. References and Further Reading
  3. Solutes
  3.1. Chemical Potential of Ions
  3.1A. Electrical Potential
  3.1B. Electroneutrality and Membrane Capacitance
  3.1C. Activity Coeffi cients of Ions
  3.1D. Nernst Potential
  3.1E. Example of ENK
  3.2. Fluxes and Diffusion Potentials
  3.2A. Flux and Mobility
  3.2B. Diffusion Potential in a Solution
  3.2C. Membrane Fluxes
  3.2D. Membrane Diffusion Potential-Goldman Equation
  3.2E. Application of Goldman Equation
  3.2F. Donnan Potential
  3.3. Characteristics of Crossing Membranes
  3.3A. Electrogenicity
  3.3B. Boltzmann Energy Distribution and Q₁₀,a Temperature Coeffi cient
  3.3C. Activation Energy and Arrhenius Plots
  3.3D. Ussing-Teorell Equation
  3.3E. Example of Active Transport
  3.3F. Energy for Active Transport
  3.3G. Speculation on Active Transport
  3.4. Mechanisms for Crossing Membranes
  3.4A. Carriers,Porters,Channels,and Pumps
  3.4B. Michaelis-Menten Formalism
  3.4C. Facilitated Diffusion
  3.5. Principles of Irreversible Thermodynamics
  3.5A. Fluxes,Forces,and Onsager Coeffi cients
  3.5B. Water and Solute Flow
  3.5C. Flux Densities,L_P,and σ
  3.5D. Values for Refl ection Coeffi cients
  3.6. Solute Movement Across Membranes
  3.6A. Infl uence of Refl ection Coeffi cients on Incipient Plasmolysis
  3.6B. Extension of the Boyle-Van't Hoff Relation
  3.6C. Refl ection Coeffi cients of Chloroplasts
  3.6D. Solute Flux Density
  3.7. Problems
  3.8. References and Further Reading
  4. Light
  4.1. Wavelength and Energy
  4.1A. Light Waves
  4.1B. Energy of Light
  4.1C. Illumination,Photon Flux Density,and Irradiance
  4.1D. Sunlight
  4.1E. Planck's and Wien's Formulae
  4.2. Absorption of Light by Molecules
  4.2A. Role of Electrons in Absorption Event
  4.2B. Electron Spin and State Multiplicity
  4.2C. Molecular Orbitals
  4.2D. Photoisomerization
  4.2E. Light Absorption by Chlorophyll
  4.3. Deexcitation
  4.3A. Fluorescence,Radiationless Transition,and Phosphorescence
  4.3B. Competing Pathways for Deexcitation
  4.3C. Lifetimes
  4.3D. Quantum Yields
  4.4. Absorption Spectra and Action Spectra
  4.4A. Vibrational Sublevels
  4.4B. The Franck-Condon Principle
  4.4C. Absorption Bands,Absorption Coeffi cients,and Beer's Law
  4.4D. Application of Beer's Law
  4.4E. Conjugation
  4.4F. Action Spectra
  4.4G. Absorption and Action Spectra of Phytochrome
  4.5. Problems
  4.6. References and Further Reading
  5. Photochemistry of Photosynthesis
  5.1. Chlorophyll-Chemistry and Spectra
  5.1A. Types and Structures
  5.1B. Absorption and Fluorescence Emission Spectra
  5.1C. Absorption in Vivo-Polarized Light
  5.2. Other Photosynthetic Pigments
  5.2A. Carotenoids
  5.2B. Phycobilins
  5.2C. General Comments
  5.3. Excitation Transfers Among Photosynthetic Pigments
  5.3A. Pigments and the Photochemical Reaction
  5.3B. Resonance Transfer of Excitation
  5.3C. Specifi c Transfers of Excitation
  5.3D. Excitation Trapping
  5.4. Groupings of Photosynthetic Pigments
  5.4A. Photon Processing
  5.4B. Excitation Processing
  5.4C. Photosynthetic Action Spectra and Enhancement Effects
  5.4D. Two Photosystems Plus Light-Harvesting Antennae
  5.5. Electron Flow
  5.5A. Electron Flow Model
  5.5B. Components of the Electron Transfer Pathway
  5.5D. Assessing Photochemistry using Fluorescence
  5.5E. Photophosphorylation
  5.5F. Vectorial Aspects of Electron Flow
  5.6. Problems
  5.7. References and Further Reading
  6. Bioenergetics
  6.1. Gibbs Free Energy
  6.1A. Chemical Reactions and Equilibrium Constants
  6.1B. Interconversion of Chemical and Electrical Energy
  6.1C. Redox Potentials
  6.2. Biological Energy Currencies
  6.2A. ATP-Structure and Reactions
  6.2B. Gibbs Free Energy Change for ATP Formation
  6.2C. NADP⁺-NADPH Redox Couple
  6.3. Chloroplast Bioenergetics
  6.3A. Redox Couples
  6.3B. H⁺ Chemical Potential Differences Caused by Electron Flow
  6.3C. Evidence for Chemiosmotic Hypothesis
  6.3D. Coupling of Flows
  6.4. Mitochondrial Bioenergetics
  6.4A. Electron Flow Components-Redox Potentials
  6.4B. Oxidative Phosphorylation
  6.5. Energy Flow in the Biosphere
  6.5A. Incident Light-Stefan-Boltzmann Law
  6.5B. Absorbed Light and Photosynthetic Effi ciency
  6.5C. Food Chains and Material Cycles
  6.6. Problems
  6.7. References and Further Reading
  7. Temperature and Energy Budgets
  7.1. Energy Budget-Radiation
  7.1A. Solar Irradiation
  7.1B. Absorbed Infrared Irradiation
  7.1C. Emitted Infrared Radiation
  7.1D. Values for a,aIR,and eIR
  7.1E. Net Radiation
  7.1F. Examples for Radiation Terms
  7.2. Heat Conduction and Convection
  7.2A. Wind
  7.2B. Air Boundary Layers
  7.2C. Boundary Layers for Bluff Bodies
  7.2D. Heat Conduction/Convection Equations
  7.2E. Dimensionless Numbers
  7.2F. Examples of Heat Conduction/Convection
  7.3. Latent Heat-Transpiration
  7.3A. Heat Flux Density Accompanying Transpiration
  7.3B. Heat Flux Density for Dew or Frost Formation
  7.3C. Examples of Frost and Dew Formation
  7.4. Further Examples of Energy Budgets
  7.4A. Leaf Shape and Orientation
  7.4B. Shaded Leaves within Plant Communities
  7.4C. Heat Storage
  7.4D. Time Constants
  7.5. Soil
  7.5A. Thermal Properties
  7.5B. Soil Energy Balance
  7.5C. Variations in Soil Temperature
  7.6. Problems
  7.7. References and Further Reading
  8. Leaves and Fluxes
  8.1. Resistances and Conductances-Transpiration
  8.1A. Boundary Layer Adjacent to Leaf
  8.1B. Stomata
  8.1C. Stomatal Conductance and Resistance
  8.1D. Cuticle
  8.1E. Intercellular Air Spaces
  8.1F. Fick's First Law and Conductances
  8.2. Water Vapor Fluxes Accompanying Transpiration
  8.2A. Conductance and Resistance Network
  8.2B. Values of Conductances
  8.2C. Effective Lengths and Resistance
  8.2D. Water Vapor Concentrations, Mole Fractions and Partial Pressures for Leaves
  8.2E. Examples of Water Vapor Levels in a Leaf
  8.2F. Water Vapor Fluxes
  8.2G. Control of Transpiration
  8.3. CO₂ Conductances and Resistances
  8.3A. Resistance and Conductance Network
  8.3B. Mesophyll Area
  8.3C. Resistance Formulation for Cell Components
  8.3D. Partition Coeffi cient for CO₂
  8.3E. Cell Wall Resistance
  8.3F. Plasma Membrane Resistance
  8.3G. Cytosol Resistance
  8.3H. Mesophyll Resistance
  8.3I. Chloroplast Resistance
  8.4. CO₂ Fluxes Accompanying Photosynthesis
  8.4A. Photosynthesis
  8.4B. Respiration and Photorespiration
  8.4C. Comprehensive CO₂ Resistance Network
  8.4D. Compensation Points
  8.4E. Fluxes of CO₂
  8.4F. CO₂ Conductances
  8.4G. Photosynthetic Rates
  8.4H. Environmental Productivity Index
  8.5. Water-Use Effi ciency
  8.5A. Values for WUE
  8.5B. Elevational Effects on WUE
  8.5C. Stomatal Control of WUE
  8.5D. C₃ versus C₄ Plants
  8.6. Problems
  8.7. References and Further Reading
  9. Plants and Fluxes
  9.1. Gas Fluxes above Plant Canopy
  9.1A. Wind Speed Profiles
  9.1B. Flux Densities
  9.1C. Eddy Diffusion Coefficients
  9.1D. Resistance of Air above Canopy
  9.1E. Transpiration and Photosynthesis
  9.1F. Values for Fluxes and Concentrations
  9.1G. Condensation
  9.2. Gas Fluxes within Plant Communities
  9.2A. Eddy Diffusion Coeffi cient and Resistance
  9.2B. Water Vapor
  9.2C. Attenuation of the Photosynthetic Photon Flux
  9.2D. Values for Foliar Absorption Coefficient
  9.2E. Light Compensation Point
  9.2F. CO₂ Concentrations and Fluxes
  9.2G. CO₂ at Night
  9.3. Water Movement in Soil
  9.3A. Soil Water Potential
  9.3B. Darcy's Law
  9.3C. Soil Hydraulic Conductivity Coefficient
  9.3D. Fluxes for Cylindrical Symmetry
  9.3E. Fluxes for Spherical Symmetry
  9.4. Water Movement in the Xylem and the Phloem
  9.4A. Root Tissues
  9.4B. Xylem
  9.4C. Poiseuille's Law
  9.4D. Applications of Poiseuille's Law
  9.4E. Phloem
  9.4F. Phloem Contents and Speed of Movement
  9.4G. Mechanism of Phloem Flow
  9.4H. Values for Components of the Phloem Water Potential
  9.5. Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Continuum
  9.5A. Values for Water Potential Components
  9.5B. Resistances and Areas
  9.5C. Values for Resistances and Resistivities
  9.5D. Root-Soil Air Gap and Hydraulic Conductances
  9.5E. Capacitance and Time Constants
  9.5F. Daily Changes
  9.5G. Global Climate Change
  9.6. Problems
  9.7. References and Further Reading
  Solutions To Problems
  Appendix Ⅰ. Numerical Values of Constants and Coeffi cients
  Appendix Ⅱ. Conversion Factors and Defi nitions
  Appendix Ⅲ. Mathematical Relations
  Ⅲ.A. Prefi xes (for units of measure)
  Ⅲ.B. Areas and Volumes
  Ⅲ.C. Logarithms
  Ⅲ.D. Quadratic Equation
  Ⅲ.E. Trignometric Functions
  Ⅲ.F. Differential Equations
  Appendix Ⅳ. Gibbs Free Energy and Chemical Potential
  Ⅳ.A. Entropy and Equilibrium
  Ⅳ.B. Gibbs Free Energy
  Ⅳ.C. Chemical Potential
  Ⅳ.D. Pressure Dependence of μ_j
  Ⅳ.E. Concentration Dependence of μ_j
  Index