1 Introduction 1.1 Aims and Concepts 1.2 Outline of the Book and a lot of References 1.3 Some Personal Thoughts 1.4 Problems References to Chap. I 2 Maxwell's Equations, Photons and the Density of States 2.1 Maxwell's Equations 2.2 Electromagnetic Radiation in Vacuum 2.3 Electromagnetic Radiation in Matter; Linear Optics 2.4 Transverse, Longitudinal and Surface Waves 2.5 Photons and Some Aspects of Quantum Mechanics and of Dispersion Relations 2.6 Density of States and Occupation Probabilities 2.7 Problems References to Chap. 2 3 Interaction of Light with Matter 3.1 Macroscopic Aspects for Solids 3.2 Microscopic Aspects 3.3 Problems References to Chap. 3 4 Ensemble of Uncoupled Oscillators 4.1 Equations of Motion and the Dielectric Function 4.2 Corrections Due to Quantum Mechanics and Local Fields 4.3 Spectra of the Dielectric Function and of the Complex Index of Refraction 4.4 The Spectra of Reflection and Transmission 4.5 Interaction of Close Lying Resonances 4.6 Problems References to Chap. 4 5 The Concept of Polaritons 5.1 Polaritons as New Quasiparticles 5.2 Dispersion Relation of Polaritons 5.3 Polaritons in Solids, Liquids and Gases and from the IR to the X-ray Region 5.4 Coupled Oscillators and Polaritons with Spatial Dispersion 5.5 Real and Imaginary Parts of Wave Vector and Frequency 5.6 Surface Polaritons 5.7 Problems References to Chap. 5 6 Kramers-Kronig Relations 6.1 General Concepts 6.2 Problem References to Chap. 6 7 Crystals, Lattices, Lattice Vibrations and Phonons 7.1 Adiabatic Approximation 7.2 Lattices and Crystal Structures in Real and Reciprocal Space 7.3 Vibrations of a String 7.4 Linear Chains 7.5 Three-Dimensional Crystals 7.6 Quantization of Lattice Vibrations: Phonons and the Concept of Quasiparticles 7.7 The Density of States and Phonon Statistics 7.8 P honons in Alloys 7.9 Defects and Localized Phonon Modes 7.10 Phonons in Superlattices and in other Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 7.11 Problems References to Chap. 7 8 Electrons in a Periodic Crystal 8.1 Bloch's Theorem 8.2 Metals, Semiconductors, Insulators 8.3 An Overview of Semiconducting Materials 8.4 Electrons and Holes in Crystals as New Quasiparticles 8.5 The Effective-Mass Concept 8.6 The Polaron Concept and Other Electron-Phonon Interaction Processes 8.7 Some Basic Approaches to Band Structure Calculations 8.8 Bandstructures of Real Semiconductors 8.9 Density of States, Occupation Probability and Critical Points 8.10 Electrons and Holes in Quantum Wells and Superlattices 8.11 Growth of Quantum Wells and of Superlattices 8.12 Quantum Wires 8.13 Quantum Dots 8.14 Defects, Defect States and Doping 8.15 Disordered Systems and Localization 8.16 Problems References to Chap. 8 9 Excitons Biexcitons and Trions 9.1 Wannier and Frenkel Excitons 9.2 Corrections to the Simple Exciton Model 9.3 The Influence of Dimensionality 9.4 Biexcitons and Trions 9.5 Bound Exciton Complexes 9.6 Excitons in Disordered Systems 9.7 Problems References to Chap. 9 10 Plasmons, Magnons and some Further Elementary Excitations 10.1 Plasmons, Pair Excitations and Plasmon-Phonon Mixed States 10.2 Magnons and Magnetic Polarons 10.3 Problems References to Chap. 10 11 Optical Properties of Phonons 11.1 Phonons in Bulk Semiconductors 11.2 Phonons in Superlattices 11.3 Phonons in Quantum Dots 11.4 Problems References to Chap. 11 12 Optical Properties of Plasmons,Plasmon-Phonon Mixed States and of Magnons 12.1 Surface Plasmons 12.2 Plasmon-Phonon Mixed States 12.3 Plasmons in Systems of Reduced Dimensionality 12.4 Optical Properties of Magnons 12.5 Problems References to Chap. 12 13 Optical Properties of Intrinsic Excitons in Bulk Semiconductors 13.1 Excitons with strong Oscillator Strength 13.2 Forbidden Exciton Transitions 13.3 Intraexcitonic Transitions 13.4 Problems References to Chap.13 14 Optical Properties of Bound and Localized Excitons and of Defect States 14.1 Bound-Exciton and Multi-exciton Complexes 14.2 Donor-Acceptor Pairs and Related Transitions 14.3 Internal Transitions and Deep Centers 14.4 Excitons in Disordered Systems 14.5 Problems References to Chap. 14 15 Optical Properties of Excitons in Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 15.1 Qantum Wells 15.2 Coupled Quantum Wells and Superlattices 15.3 Quantum Wires 15.4 Quantum Dots 15.5 Problems References to Chap. 15 16 Excitons Under the Influence of External Fields 16.1 Magnetic Fields 16.2 Electric Fields 16.3 Strain Fields 16.4 Problems References to Chap. 16 17 From Cavity Polaritons to Photonic Crystals 17.1 Cavity Polaritons 17.2 Photonic Crystals and Photonic Band Gap Structures 17.3 Photonic Atoms, Molecules and Crystals 17.4 Further Developments of Photonic Crystals 17.5 A Few Words about Metamaterials 17.6 Problems References to Chap. 17 18 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 18.1 Review of the Linear Optical Properties 18.2 Problem References to Chap. 18 19 High Excitation Effects and Nonlinear Optics 19.1 Introduction and Definition 19.2 General Scenario for High Excitation Effects 19.3 Beyond the X(n) Approximations 19.4 Problems References to Chap. 19 20 The Intermediate Density Regime 20.1 Two-Photon Absorption by Excitons 20.2 Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Processes 20.3 Biexcitons and Trions 20.4 Optical or ac Stark Effect 20.5 Excitonic Bose-Einstein Condensation 20.6 Photo-thermal Optical Nonlinearities 20.7 Problems References to Chap. 20 21 The Electron-Hole Plasma 21.1 The Mott Density 21.2 Band Gap Renormalization and Phase Diagram 21.3 Electron-Hole Plasmas in Bulk Semiconductors 21.4 Electron-Hole Plasma in Structures of Reduced Dimensionality 21.5 Inter-subband Transitions in Unipolar and Bipolar Plasmas 21.6 Problems References to Chap. 21 22 Stimulated Emission and Laser Processes 22.1 Excitonic Processes 22.2 Electron-Hole Plasmas 22.3 Basic Concepts of Laser Diodes and Present Research Trends 22.4 Problems References to Chap. 22 23 Time Resolved Spectroscopy 23.1 The Basic Time Constants 23.2 Decoherence and Phase Relaxation 23.3 Intra-Subband and Inter-Subband Relaxation 23.4 Interband Recombination 23.5 Problems References to Chap. 23 24 Optical Bistability, Optical Computing, Spintronics and Quantum Computing 24.1 Optical Bistability 24.2 Device Ideas, Digital Optical Computing and Why It Failed 24.3 Spintronics 24.4 Quantum Computing 24.5 Problems References to Chap. 24 25 Experimental Methods 25.1 Linear Optical Spectroscopy 25.2 Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy 25.3 Time-Resolved Spectroscopy 25.4 Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy 25.5 Spectroscopy Under the Influence of External Fields 25.6 Problems References to Chap. 25 26 Group Theory in Semiconductor Optics 26.1 Introductory Remarks 26.2 Some Aspects of Abstract Group Theory for Crystals 26.3 Theory of Representations and of Characters 26.4 Hamilton Operator and Group Theory 26.5 Applications to Semiconductors Optics 26.6 Some Selected Group Tables 26.7 Problems References to Chap. 26 27 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 27.1 Dynamics of a Two-Level System 27.2 Optical Bloch Equations 27.3 Semiconductor Bloch Equations 27.4 Coherent Processes 27.5 Problems References to Chap. 27 The Final Problem Subject Index
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