目录 导论(1) 一、科学与人文共同繁荣(1) 二、经济与社会全面进步(13) 三、人的全面而自由发展(27) 四、论著概要(38) 第一章 两种文化的分离和对立(48) 第一节 历史考察(48) 第二节 根源分析(70) 第二章 科学与人文主义(83) 第一节 人文主义的三种形式(83) 一、文艺复兴时期的人文主义与科学(85) 二、现代西方人本主义的人文主义与科学(91) 第二节 后现代主义与科学(96) 一、对“人”及其“人性”的消解(97) 二、另类人文主义的另类经验基础(101) 三、人文与科学的对立(103) 四、大写“真”、“善”、“美”的解构(109) 第三节 科学人文主义(113) 一、“传统型”或“正统型”的科学人文主义(114) 二、“激进型”或“反叛型”的科学人文主义(117) 三、“中间型”或“折中型”的科学人文主义(122) 四、分析与评价(128) 第三章 科学与人文的关联(130) 第一节 科学与艺术的关联(130) 一、认识与体验(130) 二、理性与非理性(134) 三、客观性与个性(137) 四、真理与美(140) 第二节 人文科学的科学性与人文性(144) 一、两种狭隘的科学观(145) 二、人文科学的科学性(148) 三、人文科学的人文性(153) 第三节 科学与人文的价值关联(158) 一、科学的人文价值(158) 二、人文的科学价值(163) 第四节 科学与人文的精神关联(168) 一、理论或作品层面的精神关联(169) 二、方法论层面的精神关联(175) 三、价值论层面的精神关联(178) 第四章 架起沟通两种文化的桥梁(180) 第一节 从科学哲学走向科学文化哲学(180) 一、关于桥梁的意识(181) 二、走出现有的困境(183) 三、开辟广阔的前景(187) 第二节 科学史与人文史的融合(195) 一、萨顿的科学史观(196) 二、萨顿科学史观的意义(201) 三、推进科学史与人文史的融合(206) 第三节 科学伦理学的历史使命(211) 一、科学与伦理之间:积极的维度(211) 二、科学与伦理之间:消极的维度(213) 三、在真与善之间架起桥梁(215) 第四节 科学美学的广阔天地(222) 一、真与美:一个古老的话题(222) 二、科学与美学的互动(223) 三、在真与美之间架起桥梁(227) 第五章 人文化的科学观和科学哲学(235) 第一节 科学文化论(235) 一、如何理解科学文化(236) 二、当代科学观的局限和偏颇(237) 三、研究科学文化的意义(239) 第二节 论文化及其价值(241) 一、何为文化(242) 二、科学与文化(245) 三、文化的价值(249) 第三节 关于科学哲学的性质和定位问题(251) 一、科学性与人文性(252) 二、世界性与民族性(256) 三、学术性与现实性(259) 第四节 科学文化哲学论纲(263) 一、从知识论到文化论(264) 二、从“小哲学”到“大哲学”(269) 三、让学院哲学面向社会现实(275) 四、使科学哲学中国化(279) 第五节 科学生存论(282) 一、一个被忽视或曲解的重大问题(282) 二、在形而上层面的契合(286) 三、科学与生命的交融及其意义(289) 四、科学哲学与生命哲学的融合(293) 第六章 科学与创新文化(296) 第一节 自主创新呼唤创新文化(296) 第二节 创新文化之魂(300) 一、创新文化与科学精神(300) 二、创新文化与人文精神(304) 三、科学精神与人文精神的融合(307) 第三节 创新文化与科学观的转变(310) 一、创新文化与实证主义科学观的冲突(311) 二、创新文化与功利主义科学观的冲突(315) 三、创新文化呼唤科学观的转变(319) 第四节 从实证管理到人文激励(323) 一、实证管理:局限与偏颇(323) 二、从科学观的转变到科研管理观的转变(326) 三、人文激励:理念与价值(330) 第五节 科学文化生命(334) 一、知识论的缺陷(335) 二、工具论的偏颇(338) 三、科学的人文本性(341) 四、科学生活的人文复归(344) 第七章 科学教育与人文教育的融合(347) 第一节 科学教育与人文教育分离的根源(347) 一、狭隘的教育和教育观的根源(348) 二、狭隘的科学观对教育和教育观的影响(349) 三、狭隘的人文观对教育和教育观的影响(353) 第二节 从知识教育到文化教育(357) 一、知识教育:问题与困境(357) 二、从科学观的转变到教育观的转变(361) 三、文化教育:出路与希望(366) 第三节 教育与人文精神(369) 一、教育目的与人文精神(370) 二、教育方法与人文精神(373) 三、教育内容与人文精神(377) 第四节 教育与生命(380) 一、教育内容要切入生命(381) 二、教育者要切入生命(384) 三、受教育者要切入生命(387) 第五节 教育与幸福(390) 一、教育与幸福的分离(391) 二、教育对幸福的意义(393) 三、幸福对教育的意义(398) 参考文献(402) 索引(410) 后记(416) Contents Introduction: The Significance of the Integration of Science and Humanities(1) 1. The Mutual Promotion of Science and Humanities(1) 2. The Comprehensive Progress of Economy and Society(13) 3. Comprehensive and Free Development of Human Beings(27) 4. Overview(38) Chapter Ⅰ: Separation and Opposition Between the Two Cultures(48) 1. Historical Investigation(48) 2. Analysis of Origins(70) Chapter Ⅱ: Science and Humanism(83) 1. Three Forms of Humanism(83) 1.1 Humanism and Science in the Renaissance(85) 1.2 Humanism and Science in Modern Western Humanism(91) 2. Postmodernism and Science(96) 2.1 Deconstruction of the “Human Being” and “Human Nature”(97) 2.2 Alternative Empirical Foundations of Alternative Humanism(101) 2.3 Opposition Between Humanities and Science(103) 2.4 Deconstruction of “Truth”, “Good”, “Beauty”(109) 3. Scientific Humanism(113) 3.1 “Traditional” or “Classical” Scientific Humanism(114) 3.2 “Aggressive” or “Rebel” Scientific Humanism(117) 3.3 “Moderate” or “Compromised” Scientific Humanism(122) 3.4 Analysis and Comment(128) Chapter Ⅲ: The Relevance of Science and Humanities(130) 1. The Relevance of Science and Art(130) 1.1 Cognition and Experience(130) 1.2 Rationality and Non-rationality(134) 1.3 Objectivity and Character (137) 1.4 Truth and Beauty (140) 2. Scientific and Humanistic Properties of the Human Sciences(144) 2.1 Two Narrow Views of Science(145) 2.2 Scientific Properties of the Human Sciences(148) 2.3 Humanistic Properties of the Human Sciences(153) 3. Relevance of the Values of Science and the Values of Humanities (158) 3.1 The Humanistic Value of Science(158) 3.2 The Scientific Value of Humanities(163) 4. Relevance of the Spirit of Science and the Spirit of Humanities(168) 4.1 Spiritual Relevance of the Level of Theories or Works(169) 4.2 Spiritual Relevance of the Level of Methodology(175) 4.3 Spiritual Relevance of the Level of Theories of Value(178) Chapter Ⅳ: Bridging the Gap Between the Two Cultures(180) 1. From Philosophy of Science to Philosophy of Scientific Culture(180) 1.1 On Awareness of the Bridge(181) 1.2 Breaking Through the Existing Difficulties(183) 1.3 Opening up Broad Prospects(187) 2. Integration of History of Science and History of Humanities(195) 2.1 Sarton’s View of History of Science(196) 2.2 The Significance of Sarton’s View of History of Science(201) 2.3 Promoting Integration Between History of Science and History of Humanities(206) 3. Historical Mission of Ethics of Science(211) 3.1 Science and Ethics: A Positive Dimension(211) 3.2 Science and Ethics: A Negative Dimension(213) 3.3 Bridging Truth and Good(215) 4. Broad Horizon of Aesthetics of Science(222) 4.1 Truth and Beauty: An Old Theme(222) 4.2 Interaction Between Science and Aesthetics(223) 4.3 Bridging Truth and Beauty(227) Chapter Ⅴ: Humanizing Views of Science and Philosophy of Science(235) 1. On Scientific Culture(235) 1.1 How to Understand Scientific Culture(236) 1.2 Limitations and Prejudices of Contemporary Views of Science(237) 1.3 The Significance of Scientific Culture Studies(239) 2. On Cultures and Their Values(241) 2.1 What Is Culture(242) 2.2 Science and Culture(245) 2.3 Values of Culture(249) 3. Characters and Orientations of Philosophy of Science(251) 3.1 Scientific or Humanistic(252) 3.2 International or National(256) 3.3 Academic or Practical(259) 4. Outline of the Philosophy of Scientific Culture(263) 4.1 From the Knowledge-oriented View to the Cultureoriented View(264) 4.2 From “Small Philosophy” to “Big Philosophy”(269) 4.3 Let Academic Philosophy Face Social Reality(275) 4.4 Localizing Philosophy of Science in China(279) 5. Existentialist Theory of Science(282) 5.1 A Major Issue Neglected or Misinterpreted(282) 5.2 Interaction on the Metaphysical Dimension(286) 5.3 Integration of Science and Life and its Significance(289) 5.4 Integration of Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Life(293) Chapter Ⅵ: Science and Innovative Culture(296) 1. Independent Innovation Calls for Innovative Culture(296) 2. The Soul of Innovative Culture(300) 2.1 Innovative Culture and the Scientific Spirit(300) 2.2 Innovative Culture and the Humanistic Spirit(304) 2.3 The Integration of the Scientific Spirit and the Humanistic Spirit(307) 3. Innovative Culture and the Transformation of Views of Science(310) 3.1 Conflicts Between Innovative Culture and Positivistic View of Science(311) 3.2 Conflicts Between Innovative Culture and Utilitarian View of Science(315) 3.3 Innovative Culture Calls for the Transformation of Views of Science(319) 4. From Positivist Management to Humanistic Encouragement(323) 4.1 Positivist Management: Limitations and Prejudices(323) 4.2 Transformation of the Views of Science to the Views of Scientific Research Management(326) 4.3 Humanistic Encouragement: Ideals and Values(330) 5. Science, Culture and Life(334) 5.1 Defects of the Knowledge-oriented View(335) 5.2 Prejudices of the Instrument-oriented View(338) 5.3 The Humanistic Nature of Science(341) 5.4 The Humanistic Return to Scientific Life(344) Chapter Ⅶ: The Integration of Scientific Education and Humanistic Education(347) 1. Origins of the Separation of Scientific Education and Humanistic Education(347) 1.1 Origins of the Narrow Education and Views of Education(348) 1.2 Impacts of the Narrow Views of Science upon Education and Views of Education(349) 1.3 Impacts of the Narrow Views of Humanities upon Education and Views of Education(353) 2. From Knowledge-oriented Education to Culture-oriented Education(357) 2.1 Knowledge-oriented Education: Problems and Dilemmas(357) 2.2 Transformation from Views of Science to Views of Education(361) 2.3 Culture-oriented Education: A New Approach and its Prospects(366) 3. Education and the Humanistic Spirit(369) 3.1 The Purpose of Education and the Humanistic Spirit(370) 3.2 The Methods of Education and the Humanistic Spirit(373) 3.3 The Contents of Education and the Humanistic Spirit(377) 4. Education and Life(380) 4.1 The Contents of Education Need to be Rooted in Life (381) 4.2 Educators Need to be Rooted in Life(384) 4.3 Educatees Need to be Rooted in Life(387) 5. Education and Happiness(390) 5.1 The Separation of Education and Happiness(391) 5.2 The Significance of Education for Happiness(393) 5.3 The Significance of Happiness for Education(398) Bibliography(402) Index(410) Afterword(416)